Module Eighteen

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Module Eighteen

• Adolescence and Adulthood

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What is Adolescence?

• Developmental period lasting from ages 12 to
  18,during which many biological, social,
  cognitive and personality traits change from
  childlike to adultlike.

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Should I Wait?

• In a study of 174 girls, most have said that they
  were too young to have sex.
• Researchers advise more parent-teen discussions
  of sexual behavior. One study found 50 of
  mothers whose 14-year-olds were sexually active
  mistakenly believed their teens were virgins
  (Blum, 2006).
• BioPsychoSocial Approach views adolescent
  development as a process that occurs
  simultaneously many levels and includes hormonal,
  neural, sexual, cognitive, social, and
  personality changes that interest and influence
  each other.
• Example finding someone romantically attractive
  will naturally lead to more intimate
  relationships.
• In the early 1990s 53 of high school students
  reported engaging in sexual activity
  (intercourse), but the percentage dropped about
  45 in 2006.
• In the early 2006 researchers were surprised to
  find out 20 of 14-year-old were engaging in
  sexual activity.
• Problems boys and girls who become sexually
  active face when there are not ready face are
  sexually transmitted disease, birth to unwed
  mothers, not be emotionally, psychologically, or
  mentally prepared to deal with strong sexual
  desires and feelings.

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What is AIDS?

• HIV positive refers to the presence of HIV
  antibodies, which means the individual is
  infected by the human immunodeficiency virus
  (HIV), which is believed to cause AIDS.
• AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is a
  life-threatening condition that is present when
  the individual is HIV positive and has a level of
  T-cells and no more than 200 per cubic milliliter
  of blood or has developed one or more of 26
  specified illnesses. It may take years or
  decades for HIV to develop into AIDS.
• In 2002, about 42 million people worldwide were
  infected with HIV/AIDs, and for the first time,
  women now make up half of the HIV/AIDs cases
  (Sternberg, 2002).
• HIV virus cannot survive in the air, in water, or
  on things people touch. HIV virus survives best
  in blood tissues and some bodily fluids (semen
  and vaginal fluids).
• In the United States, the greatest risk for AIDS
  are gay men and heterosexual intravenous drug
  users. However, women have increase from 7 in
  1980s to 23 in 1998 (Sternberg, 2002).
• In 1996, the number of AIDS-related deaths in the
  United States fell 23 in 1997, it fell 45
  and in 1998 it fell to 11. This decrease in
  AIDS-related deaths is primarily due to several
  new breakthrough in drug treatment in 1995.
• The new treatment drug program has patients
  taking a drug cocktail of many pills daily,
  which include several new drugs.

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COGNITIVE EMOTIONAL CHANGES

• Kohlbergs theory of moral reasoning
• Three levels of moral reasoning
• Self-Interest Preconventional level
• lowest level of moral reasoning
• stage 1, moral decisions are based primarily on
  fear of punishment or the need to be obedient
• stage 2, moral reasoning is guided most by
  satisfying ones self-interest
• may involve bargaining

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COGNITIVE EMOTIONAL CHANGES

• Kohlbergs theory of moral reasoning
• Three levels of moral reasoning
• Social approval Conventional level
• represents an intermediate level of moral
  reasoning
• stage 3, moral decisions are guided most by
  conforming t the standards of others we value
• stage 4, moral reasoning is determined most by
  conforming to laws and society

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COGNITIVE EMOTIONAL CHANGES

• Kohlbergs theory of moral reasoning
• Three levels of moral reasoning
• Abstract ideas Postconventional level
• stage 5, moral decisions are made after carefully
  thinking about all the alternatives and striking
  a balance between human rights and laws of
  society
• stage 6, has been omitted because few people have
  reached it

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COGNITIVE EMOTIONAL CHANGES

• Parenting Styles and Effects
• Different styles of parenting
• Authoritarian parents
• attempt to shape, control, and evaluate the
  behavior and attitudes of their children in
  accordance with a set standard of conduct
• absolute standard that comes from religious or
  respected authorities

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COGNITIVE EMOTIONAL CHANGES

• Parenting Styles and Effects
• Different styles of parenting
• Authoritative parents
• attempt to direct their childrens activities in
  a rational and intelligent way
• supportive, loving, committed, encourage verbal
  give and take, and discuss their rules and
  policies with their children

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COGNITIVE EMOTIONAL CHANGES

• Parenting Styles and Effects
• Different styles of parenting
• Permissive parents
• consult with their children about policy
  decisions, make few demands, and tend to use
  reason rather than direct power
• less controlling and behave with a nonpunishing
  and accepting attitude toward their childrens
  impulses, desires, and actions

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Teenage/Young Adult Suicide

• Suicide is the third leading cause of death among
  teenagers and young adults (ages 15-24).
• Most common psychological problems include
  feelings of hopelessness, depression, and
  drug-related problems. Usually have persisted
  for some time (Haliburn, 2000).
• Behavioral problems include decline in social
  isolation and withdrawal school performance
  intense difficulties with parents, siblings and
  peers and antisocial behaviors (Patton et al,
  1997)
• Most cases there are precipitators of suicide,
  which may be certain feelings, events, or
  situations. For examples, problems with family
  members and friends, bouts with depression,
  drinking problem, and relatively ordinary
  stressors.
• A high percentage of victims had either expressed
  the wish to die or threatened suicide.