Problem Definition: Specifications

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Problem Definition Specifications

• Static/dynamic Design
• Innovation Drivers

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Problem Definition
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What Is a Specification

• A series of statements clearly numbered, of the
  characteristics such as quantity, shape,
  material, location performance, etc. of a
  structure, apparatus, machine, system or process,
  written in terms that can be measured.
• A means of communicating the needs and intentions
  of one party to another
• An interface between two stages of a project

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Product Design Specification

• Or PDS
• It defines the
• Elements
• Factors
• And boundaries of the object to be designed

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Pughs Plate
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The PDS Is A Dynamic Document
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Specification Formats

• Simple specification
• PD6112/BS7373 formal, should contain all the
  limits factors and boundaries
• As designers a simpler version helps keep all the
  most important factors in mind

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Simple Format
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Requirements

• Two types of requirements
• Constraints (demands), these are hard metrics and
  must be met e.g. this vehicle must have an
  overall length between 2.0 2.05 metres
• Criteria or wishes to be delivered as best you
  can e.g. this vehicle should be as cheap as
  possible

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Product Status Static or Dynamic ?
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Product Status- Static and Dynamic Design

• Terms first used by Stuart Pugh/Bill Hollins
• Indicate how a product/design is evolving
• The concept can be used as a driver for product
  change and profit opportunity

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Factors That Indicate Static Design

• Limited design time
• Customers not willing to change
• Stable effective PDS
• Dedicated machinery
• Few large producers
• More process design than product design
• Using experience in design
• Using imitation in design
• Market infrastructure based on existing design

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More Factors That Indicate Static Design

• Using rationalisation or commonality of parts
  between several products in design
• Assembling components made by others
• Product available in its present form for a long
  time
• Insufficient design/finance resources/management
  commitment

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Factors That Make a Product Dynamic

• Adequate time allowed for design
• Customers willing to change
• Change in PDS
• Flexible machinery , subcontract manufacture
• Many small producers
• An increasing number of producers
• More emphasis on product design than process
  design

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More Factors That Make a Product Dynamic

• Wide effective market research (innovation
  seeking market pull)
• Technology advancement
• No market infrastructure
• Changing environment (legislation etc.)
• No conformance standards
• Open management design guidelines
• Companies seeking new concepts

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Product Design Innovation
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Innovation Routes

• New materials (composites)
• New processes (high current roll forming)
• New technologies (the transistor and PCB)
• New combinations ( MPV)

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Innovation and Product Status for Profit The
Kettle
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Kano Model
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Innovation and Design

• Innovation brings risk
• New technologies processes or materials

Static Incremental
Revolutionary Design Design
Design
Increasing Risk
Increasing Risk
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TRIZ and Anschuller

• Further work on innovation will be covered in the
  lecture on creativity
• You may like to search the internet or library on
  the above topics

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Any Questions?