Randall H' Zondag

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Randall H. Zondag The Ohio State University
Extension- Lake County
Ohio Nursery Short Course January 2007
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Information on this Program

• My Website
• http//lake.osu.edu
• zondag.1_at_osu.edu
• Links
• Weather stations
• Pest Management Information
• Programs

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Nursery Media Characteristics 1. Salt free 2.
High CEC 3. Aeration 4. Supportive 5. Pest
free 6. Inexpensive 7. Availability 8. Physical
Comp. 9. Chemical Properties 10. Uniformity 11.
Light weight
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Fresh pine bark-Decompostion?
Aged pine bark-Stable!
Looks too Fine?
Looks to Wet?
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• As Our Media Shrinks
• We lower our porosity
• Higher moisture levels in soil
• Less volume for roots to grow in
• Higher root rot potential

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What Size Do I Grow In?

• How much growing room do I have and how many
  plants do I need to grow.?
• How big do the plants need to get for me to
  market them?
• What type of inputs do I have (water, labor)?

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Potting Depth Issue
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• Adventitious Roots- roots that develop on trunk
  tissue that is darkened. The same buds will form
  branches if exposed to sunlight. ( auxin is
  destroyed by sunlight)

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• Main Order Roots- Large lateral roots that forms
  the trunk flare . This also form the basal forms
  the basal plate.

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Spacing in the growing area?
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Spacing Depends On

• Expected size and branching to the plants
• Space available
• Room needed to spray,tie, trim

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Light stimulates branching
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Know Your Supplier
1 ¾ hackberry, 18 balls all with 8 13 of
soil over first main order roots
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• What Happens if You Pinch the Apical Bud?

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Take Home Message
When root tissue comes in contact with stem
tissue , either from the same tree or other
trees, the root tissue will crush the trunk or
stem tissue . This will slow and eventual stop
the stems function.
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Adventitious Roots are a Sign of Problems

• When planted to deep a gap will form around the
  trunk.
• Adventitious roots grow rapidly in that opening
  and dont grow out into that soil .

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What Causes Girdling Roots
One and Only one Reason Planting Depth.
Solutions ( nursery and landscape) 1.
Understanding root systems 2. Proper planting
depth 3. Dont mulch against the trunk of the
tree. 4. No backfill on existing trees.

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Hydrological Discontinuity
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• 4. Methods (5)
• Surface
• Sub-surface - drill-hole
• Liquid injection
• Foliar application
• Implants
• microinjections

- Most active absorption top 12
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• 4. Methods
• Sub-surface - Drill-hole
• use granular fertilizers
• 2-4 dia. holes
• 4-12 deep note
• 12-36 apart
• concentric circles
• 1st circle several ft
• away from trunk
• at least to drip line
• do not punch or poke
• use drill
• 1 adv. partial aeration

- Most active absorption top 12
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• 4. Methods
• Liquid injection
• fert. in water under hydraulic pressure
• 2-4 dia. Holes
• 4-12 deep note
• 12-36 apart
• concentric circles
• 1st circle several ft
• away from trunk
• at least to drip line
• adv. H2O not limiting

- Most active absorption top 12
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• 4. Methods
• Foliar Fe, Mn
• Implants microinject.
• not recommended

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Water Movement in the Soil
Capillary Action
Clay
Silt
Sand
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Bare Root Plants

• Grown in the field or in soil less media
• The plants have the soil removed from the roots
• This is usually done during dormant periods
  unless there is a large maintenance budget
  available

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Why Did You Plant Them ?
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Planting
A stump grinder being used to remove a stump
A stump grinder being used to create planting
hole and radial trenches
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