ZOONOTIC DISEASES

1
ZOONOTIC DISEASES
2
Rabies

• Triage of Animal bite / exposure
• Dog, Cat, Cattle (saliva on wounds, raw milk),
  Aggressive Bandicoots, Wild mammals
• Rats, Bandicoots
• First aid at every health outlet
• Immunization
• Serological studies
• Isolation

3
Yellow Fever

• Monkeys and other vertebrates
• Yellow fever surveillance
• Yellow fever vaccination International
  Certificate of Vaccination

4
Other Flaviviral Diseases

• Japanese Encephalitis
• Pigs, Herons
• Culex mosquito
• Clinical JE in man 1300 to 11000
• JE vaccine
• Kyasanur Forest Disease
• Tick borne fever
• Monkeys

5
Leptospira

• Leptospira interrogans
• Agricultural workers
• Warm, wet, acidic conditions rainfall
• Diagnosis - Fever, calf tenderness IgM ELSA,
  MAT
• Complications hepatorenal failure

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Other Zoonoses

• Plague
• Brucellosis
• Anthrax
• Rickettsial zoonoses Common cause of PUO
• Taeniasis
• Leishmaniasis

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SURFACE INFECTIONS
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Tetanus

• Clostridium tetani ubiquitous spores
• Judicious immunization
• Proper wound care
• Tetanus neonatorum

9
Leprosy

• Mycobacterium leprae
• Elimination levels achieved actual / apparent
• Paucibacillary Multibacillary leprosy
• Multi Drug Therapy
• Lepra reaction

10
Sexually Transmitted Diseases

• Agents
• Bacterial Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia
  trachomatis, Treponema pallidus, Haemophilius
  ducreyi, others
• Viral HHV1 HHV2 (Herpes Simplex), HHV5 (CMV),
  HPV, HIV, Molluscum contagiosum
• Protozoa, Fungi, Ectoparasites (scabies, louse)
• Host sexually active group, higher in men, but
  more severe in women social causes
• Control Syndromic approach, epidemiological
  treatment
• Prevention barrier methods, health education

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HIV / AIDS

• Agent
• Retrovirus
• Attacks primarily Helper T lymphocytes (CD4
  cells) also can attack brain cells, lymph
  tissue, bone marrow cells
• Host
• All ages, both sexes
• Sexual habits, injections, blood transfusion,
  needle stick injuries
• Modes of transmission
• Heterosexual, homosexual, blood contact, mother
  to child
• Incubation period 3 weeks for seroconversion
  illness years for HIV
• Seroconversion, carrier state, AIDS Related
  Complex (ARC), full blown AIDS

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HIV / AIDS Presentation

• Secondary infections TB, PGL, Kaposis sarcoma,
  Candidiasis, CMV retinitis, Pneumocystis carinii
  pneumonia, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcal
  meningitis, herpes zoster, other severe
  infections
• Major signs weight loss gt10, chronic diarrhoea
  more than 1 month, chronic fever more than 1
  month
• Minor signs persistent cough, dermatitis,
  herpes zoster, candidiasis, severe HSV infection,
  generalized lymphadenopathy
• Diagnosis - ELISA, Western Blot

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Treatment and Control

• Treatment
• ART, PPTCT, PEP
• Health education / behavioural change
• Blood banks screening for blood safety
• Targeted Interventions for high risk groups