Chapter 5 Section 1

1
The Rise of Rome

• Chapter 5 Section 1

2
The Rise of RomeThe Land and Peoples of Italy

• Roman history is the story of the Romans
  conquest of Italy and the entire Mediterranean
  world. The Romans were conquerors, but they also
  governed, using republican forms that have been
  passed down to us.
• (MAIN IDEA)Romes central location and geographic
  features made it desirable location from which to
  expand
• Italy is a penisula
• 750 miles from north to south
• 120 miles from east to west
• Rome is the capital of Italy

3
The Rise of RomeThe Land and Peoples of Italy

• Italys mountains did not divide Italians like it
  did the Greeks
• Italy had more land to farm than Greece
• The Tiber River helped Rome with farming and
  transportation
• Rome was built on seven hills and was easy to
  defend
• Italy sticks out into the Mediterranean Sea which
  made it a crossroad between eastern and western
  Mediterranean countries
• Latins moved into Italy between 1500-1000 B.C.
• They were herders and farmers

4
The Rise of RomeThe Land and Peoples of Italy

• Two other groups settled in Italy
• Greeks and Etruscans
• Greeks migrated to southern Italy
• Etruscans influenced Rome the most
• Etruscans migrated to northern Italy

5
The Rise of RomeThe Roman Republic/War and
Conquest

• (MAIN IDEA) The Romans were practical and
  skillful in politics and military matters
• In 509 B.C. Romans overthrew the last Etruscan
  king and set up a republic (The leader is not a
  monarch and some citizens have the right to vote)
• Rome was surrounded by enemies and for the next
  200 years they fought continuous warfare
• Defeated the Greeks in 264 B.C. and virtually
  conquered all of Italy

6
The Rise of Rome War and Conquest/Successful
Strategies

• To rule Italy, Italians designed the Roman
  Confederation
• Allowed some people, especially Latins, to have
  full Roman citizenship
• The remaining communities were free to run local
  affairs, but had to provide soldiers for the
  Roman army
• Roman historian, Livy, provided stories to teach
  Romans values
• Characteristics that made Rome successful
• 1. Good diplomats 2. Excelled in military
  matters
• 3. Brilliant strategists 4. Practical in law
  and politics

7
The Rise of RomeRoman Political Structure

• Rome was divided into two groups or orders
• 1. Patricians
• Wealthy land owners, Romes ruling class
• 2. Plebeians
• Less wealthy landowners, small farmers,
  craftspeople, and merchants
• Men in both groups were citizens, but only
  Patricians could be elected to office
• Chief executive officers of the Roman Republic
  were
• 1. Consuls-Two chosen every year ran the
  government and led the army into battle
• 2. Praetors-In charge of civil law that applied
  to all Roman citizens

8
The Rise of RomeRoman Political Structure

• Roman Senate Select group of about 300
  patricians who served for life
• The Roman Republic also had several assemblies
• Most important was Centuriate assembly
• Elected the chief officials and passed laws
• Organized in classes based on wealth
• Wealthy citizens always held the majority
• Council of the Plebs
• Came into being as a result of the struggle
  between the two Roman social orders

9
The Rise of RomeThe Struggle of Orders

• Caught in the middle of the struggle between
  patricians and plebeians were children
• They were forbidden to marry each other
• Plebeians resented this b/c since they served in
  the Roman army that protected the republic they
  thought they deserved political and social
  equality
• Led to the success of the plebeians
• In 287 B.C. the council of the plebs received the
  right to pass laws for all Romans
• All male Roman citizens were now supposedly equal
  under the law

10
The Rise of Rome Roman Law

• Romes chief gift to the Mediterranean world was
  its system of laws
• Twelve Tables (450 B.C.)
• First code of laws
• Roman developed a more sophisticated system of
  laws
• Applied to only Roman citizens
• Problems arose when non-citizens had to be dealt
  with
• Law of Nations
• Natural law or universal law based on reason
• Established standards of justice that applied to
  all people

11
The Rise of RomeRoman Expansion/First Punic War

• (MAIN IDEA) After their conquest of Italy, the
  Romans faced the state of Carthage
• Carthage (Present day Tunisia) Founded by the
  Phoenicians around 800 B.C. on the coast of North
  Africa
• Had a huge trading empire
• Largest and richest state in the area (Spain to
  Sicily)
• The First Punic War
• Rome vs. Carthage
• Named after the Latin word for Phoenician
  punicus

12
The Rise of RomeThe First Punic War

• Carthaginians in Sicily made Romans fearful of
  their city
• Romans sent troops to Sicily, both sides wanted
  Sicily
• Roman, a great land power realized they needed a
  navy
• Rome defeated Carthage
• In 241 B.C., Carthage gave up all rights to
  Sicily
• Carthage added new lands in Spain
• Romans wanted Spain to fight against Carthage
• Hannibal, the great Carthaginian general, struck
  back against Rome

13
The Rise of RomeSecond Punic War

• Hannibal brought the war to Rome
• In 216 B.C., Romans made a serious mistake at
  Cannae where the lost 40,000 soldiers
• Refused to surrender and raised another army
• By 206 B.C., Romans had pushed Hannibal and the
  Carthaginians out of Italy and Spain
• At the Battle of Zama (202 B.C.) Rome finally
  defeated Hannibals men
• In 146 B.C. Carthage was completely destroyed
• The people were sold into slavery