SA History Waves of Migration

1
SA HistoryWaves of Migration
2
San Culture

• Hunter-gatherers
• Rock paintings as early as 26,000 BP (Before
  Present)
• Lived throughout southern Africa by 15,000 BP

3
San
San
4
Khoikhoi Culture

• Developed separate from San around 2,500 BP
• Larger and darker-skinned
• Raised cattle (and other animals)
• needed grazing land
• Pushed San to margins
• Kalahari desert

5
Khoikhoi Migration Wave
San
Khoikhoi
6
Bantu Culture

• Migrated from Eastern Africa
• Changes in civilization
• Domesticated animals
• Crops
• Iron (by 200 BP)
• 600 BP in eastern part of present-day SA

7
Bantu Migration Wave
Bantu
San
Khoikhoi
8
European Explorers

• 1488 Dias circumnavigates southern tip of Africa
• Vasco da Gama explores coast of present-day SA
• 1500 Portuguese explorer killed by Khoikhoi
• Europeans avoid deeper exploration

9
Dutch Settlers

• 1652 Settlement of Cape Colony
• Jan van Riebeeck
• Dutch and Khoikhoi interaction
• 1657 First farms
• Effects on Khoikhoi
• Lose land
• disease
• workers/servants for Dutch
• intermarriage
• culture destroyed

10
Boers

• Boer farmer in Dutch
• European immigration
• Mainly French and German
• Development of new culture
• Trekboers (moving farmers)
• migration w/o permission

11
Boer Migration
Xhosa
Boers
12
Boer-Xhosa Conflict

• Xhosa and Boer meet at Fish River
• Conflict
• Treaty
• Migration and more fighting

13
British Settlers

• British goals - trade
• 1806 Takes control of Cape Colony
• British officials and soldiers
• Boers keep sense of independence.
• Early 1800s - Cape Colony population 25,000
  whites and 30,000 slaves/servants.

14
British Settlement
Xhosa
Boers
British