Plant Parts

1
Plant Parts

• Chapter 3

Modified by Georgia Agriculture Education
Curriculum Office June 2002
2
What are the parts of a plant?

• Node swollen part of stem where buds form
  (leaves or stems grow here)
• Cotyledons leaves formed at first node
  (cotyledonary node)

3
What are the parts of a plant?

• Epicotyl all of plant formed above cotyledonary
  node
• Internode stem tissue between nodes

4
What are the types of stems?

• 1) Woody Stem trees, shrubs, woody perennials
• 2) Grass Stem hollow or filled
• 3) Herbaceous Stem like woody but softer
  (clover, alfalfa)
• 4) Modified Stem

5
Types of Modified Stems

• Bulbs (onion)
• Tubers (potato)
• Stolons above ground runner (strawberry)
• Rhizomes below ground runners (field bindweed or
  creeping jenny)

6
What are the functions of stems?

• 1) transport water, nutrients, sugars
• 2) support leaves
• 3) store food

7
What are buds?

• special tissue on stems that can grow into new
  plant parts
• buds are described according to

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• 1) structures into which they grow
• -Vegetative leaves or stems
• -Floral flowers
• -Mixed both
• 2) where buds appear on stem
• -Apical tips of stems
• -if floral bush
• -if vegetative vine
• -Axillary where leaf joins stem
• -Adventitious near wounds
• 3) How buds are arranged

9
Bud Arrangements

• Alternate (alfalfa)
• Opposite (beans)
• Whorled (not common)

10
What is Apical Dominance?

• apical bud tries to make plant grow taller or
  longer
• if we remove apical bud, we remove the apical
  dominance

11
What are leaves?

• undergo photosynthesis, exchange gases

12
What is the difference between a simple leaf and
a compound leaf?

• simple leaf 2 parts (leaf blade and petiole)

13
What is the difference between a simple leaf and
a compound leaf?

• Compound leaf leaf blade divided into leaflets

14
What are the different types of compound leaves?

• Palmately compound

15
What are the different types of compound leaves?

• Pinately compound

16
What are the different types of compound leaves?

• Trifoliate (alfalfa)

17
What is the Hypocotyl?

• part of the plant below the cotyledonary node

18
What purpose does the hypocotyl serve?

• 1) anchor plant
• 2) absorb water nutrients
• 3) store food

19
What are the types of root systems?

• -Taproot one main root, has no nodes
• (carrot, evergreen, kochia)
• -Fibrous root many nodes, branching root system
  (grasses)

20
To help prevent soil erosion, which root system
would be best?

• Fibrous

21
What are the parts of a grass plant?

• Leaves Sheath is the part of leaf that wraps
  around the stem
• Joints internodes
• Culm stems

22
Grass Plant Parts

• Tillers branches, all branch from the base of
  the plant
• Crown union of roots and stem
• Jointing stage stems elongate rapidly