III' An Age of Faith

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III. An Age of Faith
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A. Church Reform

• Popes enforce laws against simony and the
  marriage of priests.
• Simony When Bishops sell positions in the
  Church
• Popes attack Lay Investiture (the practice of
  Kings appointing Bishops)
• Creation of New Religious orders that preached to
  the people. (Franciscans)

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1. Gothic Cathedrals meant to inspire Christians
with the magnificence of God
B. Cathedrals Cities of God
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C. The Crusades
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• 1093 Pope URBAN II calls for a CRUSADE (holy
  war) to liberate the Holy Land from the Muslims

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1. Goals of the Crusades

• Stop attacks on Christian pilgrims in the holy
  land
• b. Stop Muslim attacks on Constantinople
• c. Pope wants to reclaim the Holy Land
• d. Get rid of quarrelsome knights who fought each
  other.

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2. Effects of the Crusades

• An example of the power of Religion in Europe
• Strengthened the power of Kings
• c. Decreased power of Nobility and Pope
• Increased trade with Asia (leading to growth of
  Italian City States)
• Interaction with Muslims sparked the growth of
  learning (and rediscovery of classical learning)
• f. Interactions between Muslims and Christians
  created a legacy of bitterness and hatred that
  lasts to this day.