Objective of Assigned Reading

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Objective of Assigned Reading Lecture

• Learn one way of analyzing free-form responses to
  structured oral interviews (e.g., Rudermann et
  al)
• How to present an empirical study
• Notice structure, amt of detail, presentation
  style etc.

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Research Question

• Effects of Commitment of multiple roles on
  psychological function and leadership skills
• Multiple roles could be occupational, spousal,
  parental, citizenship roles

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Importance of topic

• Presents a different perspective on the nature
  effect of multiple roles
• Change approach to coping with and interpreting
  involvement in multiple roles

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Theoretical BackgroundCompeting Effects of
Multiple Roles

• Negative
• Depletion of resources for other roles (role
  scarcity)
• Positive
• Generation of resources for other roles (role
  accumulation)
• Psychological
• Social
• Learning

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Rationale for negative effects

• Each person has a fixed amount of resources
• Multiple roles decrease the amount of resources
  available for any one role resulting in poorer
  psychological functioning

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Rationale for positive effects
More roles
More opportunities for positive self experiences
More role partners
Skills learned in role 1
More social support
Skills used in role 2
Higher level of well being
Learning
Psychological
Social
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Summary of contradictory Predictions for having
multiple roles

• Role scarcity gt lower psychological functioning
• Role accumulation gt higher psychological
  functioning

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Response Rate of Participants

• 74 of women participating in a women-only
  leadership development program

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Demographic Characteristics of Participants

• Average Age40
• Range26-57
• 92 White
• Avg. Salary 78K (SD 32k)

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Participants Educational Professional
experience

• 51 had post-graduate education
• 84 in Fortune 500 corporations
• Rank
• Middle 49,
• Upper middle 34
• Exec17

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Family Status Characteristics of Participants

• 50 had children under 18 yrs
• 71 in committed relationships

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Procedure

• Faxed questions to participants a few days before
  interview
• Pilot tested interview qs on 28 women managers
• Tape-recorded and transcribed each interview

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Types of Measures

• Open-ended questions on
• Different types of roles managers held
• Challenges faced in roles
• What are the shared resources?
• e.g., Are there any dimensions/aspects of
  personal life that enhance your professional life?

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Data Analysis

• Developed initial hypotheses about how personal
  roles contributed to professional roles while
  conducting pilot interviews and during the
  official interviews
• grounded theory Glaser Strauss, 1967

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Coding of Interviews

• 2 raters read 30 interviews many times
• Developed excerpts of each Ps answer
• Summarized excerpts
• Organized summaries sample quotes
• Compared contrasted quotes and summaries for
  each case
• Identified 13 patterns themes
• Examined remaining interviews for addl themes

Based on Boyatzis (1998)
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Reduction of Data

• 13 themes reduced to 6 categories
• Reviewed all excerpts to confirm categorization
• Developed codebook explaining 6 themes
• 66.7 to 90.9 inter-rater agreement on coding of
  themes
• Not good according to Boyatzis, 1998

Based on Boyatzis (1998)
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Description of Results

• Participants perceived that being in multiple
  roles improved their psychological functioning,
  gave them more social resources and contributed
  to their skill development

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Positive Effects of Personal Roles
Theme Sample Displaying Theme Rater Agreement
Interpersonal Skill 42 90.2
Psychological benefits 23 75.9
Emotional Support 19 90.9
Multi-tasking skill 9.7 85.7
Personal Interests 6.5 72.7
Leadership Skill 4.8 66.7
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Conclusions

• Six potential types of resources that people can
  gain from multiple roles
• cannot infer how generalizable or how frequent
  this finding is
• Conduct a survey type study with a larger sample

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