Phylogeny of the avian genus Pitohui and the evolution of toxicity in birds

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Phylogeny of the avian genus Pitohui and the
evolution of toxicity in birds
John P. Dumbacher, Kristy Deiner, Lindsey
Thompson, Robert C. Fleischer

• Darius Rawls

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Hypothesis

• That bright coloration has coevolved with
  toxicity in the corvoidea.

• Has the morphology, ecology, and coloration
  evolved convergently or whether they represent
  shared ancestral characters.

3
GenBank/Alignment Experience

• Genes sequences collected from GenBank
• Saved as FASTA files
• Aligned in MacClade
• Steps taken to get rid of INDELS Gaps
• Scientist had similar problems

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Genes

• They focused on Cytochrome B, NADH Dehydrogenase,
  and Adenylate Kinase
• Reason
• Akaike Information Criteria (AIC)
• 5 different models were put to the test with AIC
• The 15 partition model (a partition for each
  codon within each gene) had the weight of over
  0.99

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PAUP Trees

• After the alignment had been completed the
  information was opened in PAUP
• PAUP then generated trees based on the given
  criteria
• There were three different trees we created
• Parsimony
• Distance
• Likelihood

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Parsimony Tree
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Distance

• 100

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Maximum Likelihood
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Tree From Original Paper

• Their DNA Tree

• Tree Based on Toxicity

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• Most likely phylogenetic tree, based upon PAUP
  likelihood analysis using a 15-partition model of
  evolution. Taxa currently classified in the genus
  Pitohui are noted in bold.