evolution

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evolution

• the process by which species have changed
  gradually over time
• Keyword evolve
• Think as the environment changes, species
  evolve

2
natural selection

• the process by which the organisms that are best
  suited to a specific environment survive and
  produce more offspring than organisms that are
  not as well adapted
• Keyword select
• Think survival of the best adapted, nature
  chooses who survives and reproduces

3
artificial selection

• the process of breeding two organisms with
  desirable characteristics to produce offspring
  that have the advantages of both parents
• Keyword
• selective breeding
• Think Golden Retriever

4
adaptation

• any trait that helps an organism survive and
  reproduce under a given set of environmental
  conditions can be physical or behavioral
• Keyword adapt
• Think genetic traits can help an organism to
  adapt to its environment

5
competition

• the struggle between organisms for the same
  limited resources in a particular area a major
  factor in natural selection
• Keyword compete
• Think I must compete for food, nesting sites,
  mates, etc., or die trying

6
extinction

• the disappearance of all members of a species on
  Earth
• Keyword extinct
• Think extinction of species reduces
  biodiversity

7
fossil record

• a collection of fossils used to represent Earths
  history of living things
• Keyword history
• Think fossils tell us what lived in the past

8
mutation

• any alteration in the sequence of DNA
• Keyword
• DNA variation
• Think mutations cause new traits to be
  expressed

9
variation

• differences found in organisms of the same
  species, caused most often by mutations and/or
  gene shuffling
• Keyword variety
• Think Which variation will help the organism
  adapt to its environment?

10
gene shuffling

• the unique combination of parental DNA found in
  the offspring of a species (genetic
  recombination)
• Keyword crossing over
• Think why siblings look different

11
homologous structures

• similar structures in different species that
  function differently
• Keyword same origin (common ancestor)
• Think human arm, bat wing

12
vestigial organs

• organs or body parts that have reduced and lost
  function during evolution
• Keyword lost function
• Think pelvic bone in whales

13
radioactive dating

• aging fossils based on the half-life (rate of
  disintegration) of radioactive isotopes
• Keyword age
• Think how old is this fossil

14
cladogram

• depicts relationships between organisms
• Keyword evolutionary tree
• Think diagram of how life changed gradually
  over time

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