Developing industrial sites for residential use

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Developing industrial sites for residential
use Danish experience and the prospects of its
application in Lithuania By Søren Dyreborg
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Contents

• Legal aspects past and present
• Phase divided investigations combined with
  remedial actions
• Case studies

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Danish Environmental Acts, historical prospective

• Nature Conservation Act (1969)
• The Environmental Protection Act (1973, revised
  2001)
• The Soil Contamination Act (1999, revised 2005)
• Establishment of The Danish Environmental
  Protection Agency (1973)
• (Danish Petroleum Environmental Foundation (OM,
  1992))

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Phase divided investigations, Phase One

• Historical Environmental Reviews
• The historical use of a site
• Starting year of a company
• Ownerships through the years
• The age of buildings
• Production area
• Change in production
• Sewage systems
• Surface and underground storage tanks
• Depositing at the site
• Preliminary identification of contaminated areas

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Phase divided investigations, Phase One

• Identification of Possible Contaminants
• Types of production
• Used raw materials, type and amount
• Used chemicals, type and amount
• Production of waste, type and amount
• Chemical composition
• Waste treatment and removal, amount
• The intensity of contaminations
• Degradation of chemicals

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Phase divided investigations, Phase One

• Sources of information
• Different public archives
• Interview with employees
• Site visit
• Aerial photos

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Phase divided investigations, Phase Two

• Environmental Investigations
• Making boreholes, soil samples
• Groundwater samples
• Soil gas samples
• Indoor / outdoor samples

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Phase divided investigations, Phase Three

• Risk assessment
• Groundwater
• Contact with contaminated soil
• Indoor problems
• Outdoor problems
• Site specific, based on mathematical models and
  threshold values from eg. WHO

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Phase Four, remedial actions, and location or
design of building

• Soil excavation
• In-situ remediation
• e.g. Soil Vapour Extraction
• Air-sparging
• Bioventing
• Constructional design

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Case studies
Denmark
Lundemarken
Akzo Nobel Area
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Lundemarken in Holbaek City-Top Soil with
Organic Matter
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Results and excavation areas
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Lundemarken in Holbaek City

• Excavation in soil layers contaminated with tar
  and oil compounds

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Lundemarken in Holbaek City

• Removal of underground storage tank

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Lundemarken in Holbaek City

• Removal of contaminated top soil

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Lundemarken in Holbaek City

• Establishment of a new residential quarter
• Park area above contaminated soils

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Akzo Nobel area in Copenhagen

• Former production of paint and cellulose paint

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Akzo Nobel area in Copenhagen

• Excavation in heavy contaminated areas with free
  phase oil

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Akzo Nobel area in Copenhagen

• Removal of underground storage tanks

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Akzo Nobel area in Copenhagen

• Excavation and removal of heavy contaminated soil
• Filling with compact sandy material

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Akzo Nobel area in Copenhagen

• Establishment of new pent-house apartments

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In-situ Remediation

• Concentration of TCE in soil gas before
  remediation

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In-situ Remediation

• Concentration of TCE in soil gas after
  remediation

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Constructional design
Special design of floor
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Constructional design
Special design of floor
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The Harbour of Copenhagen
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Conclusions

• Development of contaminated sites are commonly
  used in Denmark
• Investigations and remedial actions are arranged
  with the authorities
• Possible constructional design are established
  (membranes etc.)
• Slightly contaminated soil can be used as sound
  barriers or modeling of parking areas.
• The experience from Denmark can be used in
  Lithuania.