Title: Operational control of wind farm clusters for transmission system operators
1Operational control of wind farm clusters for
transmission system operators
- B. Lange, M. Wolff, R. Mackensen, K. Rohrig
- D. Braams
- B. Valov, S. Heier
- L. Hofmann, M. Rosin
- C. Scholz, A. Könnemann
- K. Biermann
2Overview
- Wind Power as Power Plant
- Wind Farm Cluster Concept
- Wind Farm Cluster Management System
- Results of a Field Test
- Summary and Outlook
3Power generation of the wind power plant
Load profile wind generation 2015
- No conventional generation is running
- gt Grid management (congestion management,
voltage control, ...) needed
4The system operators requirements on the wind
power plant
- Requirements for high penetration of wind power
in the electrical supply system
- Production schedule / forecast
- Production limitation by load
- Congestion management
- Voltage control
- Balancing power provision
- Operational limits and fault behaviour
-
5The wind power plant capabilities
- Characteristics and capabilities of a modern wind
power 'plant'
- Distributed generation / multiple grid connection
- Connection partly to distribution grid
- Weather dependent generation limit
- Generation forecast instead of generation
schedule - Pooling leads to higher forecast accuracy and
less fluctuations
6Cluster definition
- Control system is needed to utilize the power
plant capabilities - Aggregation necessary
- Distributed generation
- Improved forecast
- Controllability of each grid node needed
- All wind farms connected to one grid node are the
smallest unit for the system operator - Cluster
7Wind Farm Cluster Control Concept
TSO Cluster Wind farm Turbine
- Hierarchical control system
- Control of clusters according to the requirements
of the TSO - Wind Farm Cluster Management System (WCMS)
8Wind Farm Cluster Concept
Cluster all wind farms connected to a
transmission grid node
Measurement and Forecast
9Control strategies
- Active power control
- Congestion Management
- Reduction of gradients
- Supply of balancing power
- Scheduling of wind power feed-in
- Reactive power control
- Supply of reactive power
- Voltage control
10Example Reserve power provision
- Planning of power and reserve power availability
day-ahead
11Example Reserve power provision
- Provision of reserve power
12Wind Farm Cluster Management System (WCMS)
Weather forecast
WCMS
Measured values
Wind farm control commands
Grid calculation
Cluster forecast
Cluster controller
Clustercommands
13Forecast
- Wind power forecast for each wind farm is
essential - Aggregated to cluster forecast
- Dynamic forecast uncertainty
- Reduced uncertainty due to aggregation to cluster
- Forecast horizons
- Day-ahead for planning
- Short-term (0-8h) for operation
- Forecast method Mixture of experts
14Influence of the grid
- Direct grid connection
- Influence is calculated by the system online
- by grid calculation program
- Meshed grid
- Influence factors are calculated in advance by
system operator
15Software with GUI
16Field Test
Substation Wechold
Wind Farm Mainsche/Pennigsehl33 WT / 60,4 MW30
MW controllable
Cluster Wechold 16 wind farmsabout 250 MW
17Field Test Active power control
Cluster available power
Cluster actual power
Cluster control setting
Penningsehl available power
Penningsehl actual power
18Field Test Effect of reactive power control
- Control of the cos j at the wind farm
leads to a voltage variation at the wind farm
connection of 2 kV
33 Enercon turbines - 60,4 MW
19Field Test Effect of reactive power control
- and of 1,2 kV at the 110 kV and 220 kV level at
the substation Wechold
20Summary
- Integration of large amounts of wind power make
new tools for grid operation necessary - For integration of wind power, the Wind Farm
Cluster Management System (WCMS) has been
developed at ISET - Provides forecast and allows control for each
grid node - Gives the TSO an extended control of the Wind
Power Plant - Its capabilities have been demonstrated in a
field test in Germany
21Outlook WCMS in Spain and Portugal
- European research project Wind on the Grid
- WCMS demonstration in Spain and Portugal
- Additional hierachy level Wind farm operator
22Outlook WCMS demonstration at alpha ventus
Demonstration of WCMS planned with the first
German offshore wind farm alpha ventus As part of
the RAVE initiative
23Thank you for your attention !
Thanks for your attention! Visit ISET at Stand
7a316
Research partly funded by
www.iset.uni-kassel.de