Examples Logical flow of indicators

1
ExamplesLogical flow of indicators
Intervention ? Process and output ? Intermediate
outcomes ? Final outcome ? (Impact)
2
Counselling to improve care-seeking for children
with pneumonia
Training of community health providers in
counselling on when to seek care for children
with cough
Improved caretaker knowledge about breathing
problems as danger signs
3
1
(intermediate outcome)
(process and output)
Increased rate of careseeking triggered by
breathing problem within 24 hours of its onset
from appropriate provider
Improved provider counselling skills and
performance
4
2
(final outcome)
(intermediate outcome)
Assumption for this example most caretakers know
how to recognise breathing problems in young
children.
3
Advice on ORS preparation to improve home care
for children with diarrhoea
Training of community health providers in ORS
preparation
Improved caretaker preparation of ORS
3
1
(intermediate outcome)
(process and output)
Increased proportion of children with diarrhoea
given correctly prepared ORS in the last 24 hours
Improved providers ORS preparation and advising
skills
4
2
(final outcome)
(intermediate outcome)
Assumption for this example ORS is available
regularly in the community.
4
IMCI nutritional counseling increases weight
gain among Brazilian children
Training of health workers in nutrition counseling
1
4
Improved mothers feeding behaviors
Improved provider knowledge performance
Improved childrens dietary intake
2
5
Improved mothers recall of key recommendations
Improved childrens nutritional status
3
6
Operations research, randomized trial in Pelotas,
Brazil, 1999 Source Santos, et al.,
Nutritional counselling increases weight gain
among Brazilian children. J Nutr 2001, 131
(11)2866.
5
IMCI training to increase opportunities for
immunization
Increased identification of eligible children for
immunization
Training of health facility providers in
integrated management of children
3
1
(intermediate outcome)
(process and output)
Increased proportion of eligible children
receiving vaccination or referred to immunization
sessions
Improved provider screening for vaccination
status of children taken to the facility
4
2
(final outcome)
(intermediate outcome)
Assumption for this example supplies for
immunization are regularly available and cold
chain is properly maintained.