GIS Data

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GIS Data

• Network Data
• Land use Land use Classification

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1. Network data

• A network does not have to be streets or roads,
  although they are probably the networks you are
  most familiar with. Networks can represent
  rivers, pipelines, and utilities. The route does
  not actually have to exist in the real world as a
  set of linear features. An airline route or a
  course charted for a ship can also be represented
  as a network.
• Because a network is a set of interconnected
  lines, you can model the movement of goods,
  services, energy, information, or even people
  throughout the network.

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Network GIS data

• Any system of interconnected linear features

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Two Views of Networks

• Geometry and Connectivity

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Two views of Networks
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Simple Network Features

• Single main servicing two houses
• one-to-one mapping

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Two operational contexts

• In a street network, the commodities
  (automobiles) that flow through a network have a
  will of their own, and decide how they will
  flow through the network.
• In a utility network, the commodities (water,
  electricity) have no will of their own, and the
  network imposes a flow direction.

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Street and Utility Networks
Street networks have non-directed flow Utility
networks have directed flow
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Uses - Location-Allocation

• Finding a subset of locations from a set of
  potential locations that best serve some existing
  demand so as minimize some cost
• Locate sites to best serve allocated demand
• Application areas are warehouse location,
  services, banks, ATMs, public phones, fire
  stations, schools

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Initial Configuration
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Available Sites
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Location-Allocation Outputs

• The best sites
• The optimal allocation of demand locations to
  those sites
• Lots of statistical and summary information about
  that particular allocation

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Final Configuration
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Find the optimal path

• Using Network Analyst, you can find the path that
  will reach specified locations in the most
  efficient order. The path can be the shortest
  path or the fastest path. Network Analyst also
  gives you the option to return to the point of
  origin when defining a path.
• Network Analyst provides you with directions for
  navigating a route. The directions can be
  customized to include different units, such as
  time or distance, or landmarks to help you find
  your way while navigating the route.

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Vehicle Routing
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Finding the Best Route

• Finds the route that minimizes travel cost
  through a series of stops
• Options
• Cost Attribute (kms, minutes, etc)
• Directions

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Finding the Closest Facility

• Finds the routes that minimizes travel cost
  between incidents and multiple facilities
• Options
• Cost Attribute
• Number of facilities to find
• Directions

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Finding Service Areas

• Find the area or lines that can be traversed
  within a specified cost
• Create polygons around specified locations
• Create service area lines

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More Network Analysis Options

• Other parameters include
• Barriers
• U-Turn policy
• Restrictions
• Exact route vs. Hierarchical route

Exact route
Hierarchical route (major roads)
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2. Land use

• Land Based Classification Standards

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Classification Standards

• Standardize land-use categories
• Across Scales (cities, counties, regions, etc.)
• Across Geography (parcels, traffic zones, etc.)
• Across Purposes (resource management, mapping
  etc.)
• Update land-use mapping and coloring
• Provide tools for land-use data sharing
• Conversion tools
• Make it as flexible as possible

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• Prof. Guttenberg had developed
• a conceptual framework for classifying land uses
  across multiple characteristics
• a method that will allow multiple ways of coding
  a land use

• The Language of Planning by Albert Z. Guttenberg,
  University of Illinois Press, 1993.

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Landuse characteristics

• Recognized that land uses have multi dimensional
  characteristics
• Uses have physical characteristics
• Uses have functional characteristics
• Uses have structural characteristics
• Uses have development characteristics
• Uses have ownership characteristics
• And several other characteristics . . .

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Classification method

• Tied the conceptual framework to database
  technologies so land uses can be shared across
  multiple scales, applications, and jurisdictions
• Devised a model that allows customization without
  breaking the logic of classification

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LBCS Data Model
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LBCS Coding in Land-Use Databases
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Activity Tabbed
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Function Tabbed
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Examples of multi dimensionality

• Residential
• Home occupations? Nursing homes?
• Commercial
• Health Clubs? Hotels?
• Institutional--Military
• Bases, barracks, houses, schools, airports
• Recreational
• Tot-lots to national parks

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Specific multi-dimensional examples

• Local government
• Office activities
• Public administration function
• Jails, police stations
• Strip commercial
• Goods sales, services
• Offices, post office
• Storefront church
• Public School
• Classrooms, Playgrounds, Bus garages

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GIS Theme Ownership
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Color Code Activity
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Color Code Structure
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Remote Sensing Data in Land Use

• It is a valuable source for large scale mapping
• Source of information on
• land use/land cover
• vegetation type, distribution, condition
• surface waters
• river networks
• geomorphology
• monitor change

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1984 Land Use Map
Land use Water 249.43
km2 Urban 1348.53 Km2 Forest
10700.92 km2 Agriculture 17780.62
km2 Pasture 175.50 km2 Grass
2609.45 km2
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1999 Land Use Map
Land use Water 268.74
km2 Urban 2312.35 Km2 Forest
11182.39 km2 Agriculture 16675.65
km2 Pasture 1308.23km2 Grass
1518.18 km2
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Urban Area Change from 1984 - 1999
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MSS data - 19 Jun 75
MSS data - 1 Aug 86
TM data - 22 Jun 92
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Exam questions
SA Atlas has provide access to state owned
spatial data. Investigate the type of information
on SA Atlas relevant to your field of study (e.g.
Surveying, GIS, Planning, Resource management
etc). http//www.atlas.sa.gov.au/

• List 5 GIS datasets (themes) on SA Atlas most
  useful to your field of study. Discuss what the
  datasets contains and how it is useful in your
  filed of study?