CHAPTER 7 THE TRANSFORMATION OF AMERICAN SOCIETY

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CHAPTER 7 THE TRANSFORMATION OF AMERICAN SOCIETY

• Section 1 The New Immigrants
• Section 2 The Urban World
• Section 3 Daily Life in the Cities

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Objectives
Section 2 The Urban World

• How did technological innovations alter the urban
  landscape?
• What social values did the new class of wealthy
  city-dwellers express?
• How did life change for middle-class Americans
  during the late 1800s?
• What was urban life like for the poorest
  city-dwellers?
• How did social reformers use settlement houses
  and churches to improve the lives of the poor?

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Technological innovations
Section 2 The Urban World

• Steel frames and elevators allowed taller
  buildings to be constructed.
• Mass transit enabled cities to expand outward.

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Social values of the wealthy
Section 2 The Urban World

• conspicuous consumption, including extravagant
  homes and entertainment
• ostentatious philanthropy
• use of British Victorian culture as pattern for
  role of women
• obsession with etiquette

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Changes in middle-class life
Section 2 The Urban World

• New industries created a demand for educated
  workers in specialized fields.
• Professional schools and organizations were
  established.
• Women received more opportunities to work outside
  the home.
• Sewing machines and servants lightened womens
  domestic chores.
• Women were able to participate more in cultural
  and social activities.
• The middle class expanded.

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Urban life for the poor
Section 2 The Urban World

• housing shortages
• high rents
• crowded tenements
• raw sewage, garbage, and pollution from factories
• easy spread of disease
• discrimination against African Americans

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Settlement houses and churches
Section 2 The Urban World

• offered educational and cultural opportunities
  for both adults and children
• committed to improved living conditions of the
  poor