Now Lets Look at Some Specifics

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Topic 3

• Now Lets Look at Some Specifics

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Whats Next?

• Youve learned about coding- the different kinds
  (event, duration, interval, momentary time
  sampling) and youve practiced with one code
  already developed and also have developed and
  used your own code. So, whats the next thing to
  do?

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Coach/Athlete Climate Analysis

• Systematically observing and coding teaching
  behaviors has steadily grown in popularity in the
  athletic arena, where coaching behaviors are now
  routinely under scrutiny.
• The first such coding and analysis was done on
  UCLA coach John Wooden.

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What Is Observed?

• Athletic roles
• Behaviors in competitive sports, in competition
  and/or practice
• Behaviors that are both verbal and non-verbal,
  relative to positive and negative reinforcement

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What Are the Tools?

• (Physical Education) Teacher/Coach Observational
  System
• Coaching Behavior Recording Form
• Teacher/Coach and Pupil/Athlete Observation
  Schedules
• Lombardo Coaching Behavior Analysis System
  (LOCOBAS)
• Feedback Analysis Profile (FAP)
• Coaching Behaviors Observational Recording System
  (CBORS)

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Physical Education Teacher/Coach Observational
System

• Developed by Jerome Quarterman
• Designed specifically for describing and
  analyzing behaviors of the physical education
  teacher and athletic coach
• Focuses on verbal as well as non-verbal behaviors
• Behaviors are defined in terms of operant
  reinforcement theory (immediate consequences of
  behavior shape future behavior)
• Frequency of a desirable behavior can be
  increased through positive or negative
  reinforcement, and the frequency of undesirable
  behavior can be reduced through punishment or
  reinforcement of other behaviors that are
  incompatible with the undesirable behavior
• Event recording is used, noting each time a
  defined behavior occurs

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Coaching Behavior Recording Form

• Developed by Edward Langsdorf
• Determines the nature and amount of specific
  coaching behavior that occurs in a given practice
  session or within segments of a practice session
• Defines commonly observed coaching behaviors
• Can be used for the entirety of a practice or
  broken into practice segments
• Event recording technique is used

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Teacher/Coach and Pupil/Athlete Observation
Schedule

• Developed by Brent Rushall
• Designed for use in both sporting and physical
  education environments
• One is used to observe either the teacher or the
  coach, the other is used to observe students or
  athletes
• Seven groups of behavior are classified in the
  TOS/COS estimates of the teacher/coachs
  potential effectiveness can be formed
• Nine behaviors are recorded in the AOS/POS this
  helps focus on controlling behavior and used as
  feedback for the teacher/coach

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Lombardo Coaching Behavior Analysis System
(LOCOBAS)

• Developed by Bennett Lombardo
• Purpose for use is to describe and record the
  interaction between coach and athletes, official,
  assistant coaches and others involved in a sport
  contest
• Five categories are coded that provide
  descriptive data and quality and quantity of
  interaction
• This system is an interval recording system
• This system DOES NOT describe the specific
  content of the player-coach interaction, nor does
  it describe the appropriateness of the interaction

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Feedback Analysis Profile (FAP)

• Developed by Gary Sinclair
• This is an awareness tool to focus the attention
  of beginning coaches on selected elements of
  feedback in a learning environment
• Will highlight tendencies of feedback behavior
• Will help coaches become aware not only of what
  feedback they are giving, but why and how they
  are using the type particular type of feedback
  recorded
• Points out the difference between efficiency-
  doing things right- and effectiveness-doing the
  right thing
• Coding is event recording, with a summary

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Coaching Behaviors Observational Recording System
(CBORS)

• Developed by Deborah Tannehill and Damon Burton
• Can be used either in a lab setting or in the
  field
• Designed to identify the coaching climate, type
  of interaction, and specific coaching behaviors
  typically used by coaches in practice and game
  situations
• Designed initially to evaluate the effectiveness
  of the American Coaching Effectiveness Program
  (ACEP) Level I coaching program complex format
  to use, requires use of several different
  categories at one time
• Uses a time-sampling method- 5 seconds to record
  after 5 seconds to observe you record and
  observe for 3 minutes, then rest 3 minutes, then
  continue for 3 minutes recording, etc.

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Summary

• Each of these forms is designed to observe
  specific coaching and/or athlete behaviors
• They are designed to give the observer and the
  person observed a picture of what has occurred in
  a practice or game event
• The idea is to provide information that will help
  improve coaching behavior