Atomic Structure

1
Atomic Structure
2
Isotopes
3
Electron Shell Diagrams
4
HYDROGEN 1p , 1e-
HELIUM 2p , 2e-
CARBON 6p , 6e-
NITROGEN 7p , 7e-
OXYGEN 8p , 8e-
SODIUM 11p , 11e-
CHLORINE 17p , 17e-
CALCIUM 20p , 20e-
Fig. 2.8, p. 25
5
Ionic Bonding
6
Covalent Bonding (Non-polar)
Hydrogen (HH or H2), a nonpolar molecule
Oxygen (OO or O2), a nonpolar molecule
7
H2O (Polar Covalent Bonding)
(slightly negative)
(slightly positive)
Water (HOH or H2O), a polar molecule
8
Hydrogen Bonding
9
Dissociation of H2O
water (H2O)
hydroxide ion (OH )
hydrogen ion (H)
10
The pH Scale