Attack on Pearl Harbor

1
Attack on Pearl Harbor

• Sunday, December 7, 1945
• A date that will live in infamy

2
The Players

• Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United
  States of America

3
The Players

• Hideki Tojo, Japanese Prime minister

4
The Players

• Isoroku Yamamoto , Admiral of the Fleet (Highest
  rank in Japanese military)

5
The Players

• Chuichi Nagumo, Commander of the Japanese carrier
  striking force that attacked Pearl Harbor.

6
You Must Remember

• The year is 1945.
• Much of the Eastern Hemisphere is at war,
  including Japan, many European countries
  (Germany, France, Italy, United Kingdom, and
  Russia).
• The United States is not a Super power of the
  world.yet.

7
The Story

• First, why would Japan attack the United States?
• 1. President Roosevelt banning all exports of
  scrap iron, steel and oil to Japan. Japan had
  lost more than 90 of its oil supply.
• 2. The belief that Japan was becoming encircled
  by Western powers.
• 3. The fear of resources such as oil running low
  due to war.
• 4. Strong determination of advancing in the East
  Asia region, the United States demanding Japanese
  withdrawal from Indo-China, the United States
  opposing Japanese expansion and Japans demands
  were not being achieved by diplomacy. The
  Japanese were keen on expanding their empire and
  had to make a decision between surrendering or
  going to war with the United States.

8
The Story

• October-December 1941 The Japanese and U.S.
  negotiate the U.S. lifting ban on the export of
  scrap iron, steel and oil that the U.S. put in
  place July 1940.
• In the mean time, Japan is training and planning
  for an attack on the U.S.
• November 16th 1945, after what the Japanese
  considered failed attempts to reach an agreement
  with the U.S., Japanese submarine units leave for
  Pearl Harbor.

9
The Story

• Ten days later, on November 26th the main body of
  the Japanese attacking fleet leave for Pearl
  Harbor.
• To distract the American government while it
  secretly positioned a powerful aircraft carrier
  strike force for the "sneak attack" on Pearl
  Harbor, the Japanese government had ordered its
  envoys in Washington to engage the American
  government in intensive diplomatic negotiations.
• December 6th, 1945 U.S. President Franklin
  Roosevelt makes a final appeal to the Emperor of
  Japan for peace. The Americans believe a Japanese
  attack is imminent, most likely somewhere in
  Southeast Asia.

10
The Story

• Sunday, December 7
• The last part of a Japanese message, stating that
  diplomatic relations with the U.S. are to be
  broken off, reaches Washington in the morning and
  is decoded at approximately 9 a.m. (4 a.m. at
  Pearl Harbor).
• About an hour later, another Japanese message is
  intercepted. It instructs the Japanese embassy to
  deliver the main message to the Americans at 1
  p.m. (8 a.m. at Pearl Harbor).
• The U.S. War Department then sends out an alert
  but uses a commercial telegraph because radio
  contact with Hawaii is temporarily broken. Delays
  prevent the alert from arriving at headquarters
  in Oahu until noontime (Hawaii time) four hours
  after the attack has already begun.

11
It Begins!
Crewmen of the aircraft carrier Shokaku scream
"Banzai" as a Japanese Nakajima Type 97 torpedo
bomber (Allied code-name "Kate") roars down the
flight deck on its way to deliver a surprise
attack on the United States Pacific Fleet at its
Pearl Harbor base in Hawaii on 7 December 1941.
12
The Story

• Early Morning of December 7, 1945
• The Japanese attack force under the command of
  Admiral Nagumo, consisting of six carriers with
  423 planes, is about to attack.
• At 6 a.m., the first attack wave of 183 Japanese
  planes takes off from the carriers located 230
  miles north of Oahu and heads for the U.S.
  Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor.
• At 715 a.m., a second attack wave of 167 planes
  takes off from the Japanese carriers and heads
  for Pearl Harbor.

13
The Story

• Still early morning of December 7, 1945
• Pearl Harbor is not on a state on high alert.
  Senior commanders have concluded, based on
  available intelligence, there is no reason to
  believe an attack is imminent.
• At 753 a.m., the first Japanese assault wave,
  commences the attack with flight commander,
  Mitsuo Fuchida, sounding the battle cry "Tora!
  Tora! Tora!" (Tiger! Tiger! Tiger!).

14
Mapping Pearl Harbor
15
The Story

• 753 a.m. The Americans are taken completely by
  surprise. The first attack wave targets airfields
  and battleships.
• The second wave targets other ships and shipyard
  facilities. The air raid lasts until 945 a.m.

16
Japanese Attack Maps

• http//plasma.nationalgeographic.com/pearlharbor/
• http//www.wtj.com/articles/pearl_maps/

17
The Results

• What is lost?
• Eight battleships are damaged, with five sunk.
• Three light cruisers
• Three destroyers and three smaller vessels are
  lost
• 188 aircraft.
• The Japanese lose 27 planes and five midget
  submarines which attempted to penetrate the inner
  harbor and launch torpedoes.

18
The Casualties

• The (U.S.)casualty list includes
• 2,335 servicemen killed
• Included are 1,104 men aboard the Battleship USS
  Arizona killed after a 1,760-pound air bomb
  penetrated into the forward magazine causing
  catastrophic explosions.
• 68 civilians killed,
• 1,178 wounded.

19
The War

• Monday, December 8 - The United States and
  Britain declare war on Japan with President
  Roosevelt calling December 7, "a date which will
  live in infamy..."
• Thursday, December 11 - Germany and Italy declare
  war on the United States. The European and
  Southeast Asian wars have now become a global
  conflict with the Axis powers Japan, Germany and
  Italy, united against America, Britain, France,
  and their Allies.

20
FDR War Declaration to Congress
Hear it http//www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/
fdrpearlharbor.htm
21
Bibliographypg. 1

• http//wiki.answers.com/Q/Why_did_the_Japanese_att
  ack_Pearl_Harbor
• http//plasma.nationalgeographic.com/pearlharbor/n
  gbeyond/people/people10.html
• http//www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/timeline/pea
  rl.htm
• http//www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/2WWtojo.htm

22
Bibliographypg. 2

• http//library.thinkquest.org/TQ0312409/thinkquest
  ww2_3/Pearl_Harbor_t.html
• http//www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/timeline/pea
  rl.htm
• http//www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us-1912.html
• http//www.geographic.org/flags/new1/japan_flags.h
  tml