Nationalist Responses

1
Nationalist Responses

• To Environmental Pressures

2
Bishnoi the 29ers

• Founded by Guru Jambheshwar in mid-15th century,
  in Rajasthan, India
• Dedicated to the preservation of living things
• Amrita Devi, 1730 If a tree is saved even at
  the cost of ones head, it is worth it.
• 363 Bishnoi martyred before king halted
  tree-cutting

3
Navajo

• Desert Rock, New Mexico Coal-Fired Power Plant
• Desert Rock Resistance Camp
• Blockade
• Measure was permanently tabled

4
Makah

• Southernmost Nootkan-speaking peoples on
  Northwest Coast of North America
• Have a treaty-protected right to hunt whales
• Resisted by whaling opponents
• Protests on both sides

5
Australian Aborigines

• Windarling is a sacred site for women
• Djon Mundine, Senior Aboriginal Curator Without
  the land we are a lost people
• Aboriginal Tent Embassy Established in 1972
• It remained in place until 1975
• Reestablished in 1992 same lawns, same reasons.
  Its still there.

6
Aumungme Kamoro

• Indigenous tribes of Papua New Guinea
• Louisiana based Freeport McMoRan Copper Gold
  arrive 1967
• Now among the largest such operations in the
  world
• Topic of human rights debates

7
Boricua, Taíno,Carib, Arawak

• Island of Borike (aka Puerto Rico)
• Desecration of burial sites, display of ancestral
  remains
• Initiated direct dialogue with Office of the
  Governor of Puerto Rico got no response
• Island of Vieques
• Over 200 areas of historical and spiritual
  significance continue to be destroyed by US Naval
  target practice

8
Preemptive Action

• Mount Ausangate stands 6,380 meters (20,905 feet)
  in the Peruvian Andes, towering over hot springs
  and glacier-fed multicolored lakes.
• Designated as sacred site
• Protected from development of any kind

9
Preemptive Action

• The Kakamega indigenous forest in Kenya
• Includes the Tikriti ceremonial sites and the
  Taita Skull caves
• Forest harbors unique plant and animal species

10
Preemptive Actions

• Kodagu District in the Western Ghats of Karnataka
  Province, India
• Sacred Grove capital of the world

11
Earth Life Force (ELF)

• Formed in 1977 in Santa Cruz, California
• Using non-lethal methods to gather attention and
  support

12
Earth Liberation Front (ELF)

• Created in 1990
• Uses arson to destroy property, causing millions
  of dollars in damages