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Water Supply

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43.7 % live in poverty. 14.7% in utter poverty 1 USD per day ... Designing and building of school ecotoilet for 365 schoolchildren and 23 teachers ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Water Supply


1
Water Supply Sanitation in Rural Armenia
  • Armenian Women for Health and Healthy Environment
  • Elena Manvelyan, MD. PhD
  • Workshop on equitable access to water
  • Paris, 5-6 July 2007

2
Armenia
Area 29.750 sq. km Population
3.200.000 Capital Yerevan
3
General Data
  • 43.7 live in poverty
  • 14.7 in utter poverty lt 1 USD per day
  • Source IMF 2006, Country Report No. 06/239\
  • 80 rural have no access to central sewage system
  • Source OECD and country report, 2004
  • About 7 of all infant deaths are attributed to
    diarrhea diseases in Armenia (NSS, 2006.)

4
Problems
  • Collapse of water supply systems especially in
    rural communities have resulted in inadequate and
    often unsanitary water supply
  • The loss of water in Ararat province accounted
    for 73.5 in 2006
  • Water providers still are not able to guarantee
    the implementation of the right to water for all,
    in particular for the poorest

5
Problems
  • The lack of sewage system in rural areas (more
    than 80) attributed to secondary drinking water
    contamination
  • Sanitation sector has been neglected with the
    respect to investment and subsidies
  • The lack of strategy and differentiation of
    tariffs to address the needs of marginalised and
    vulnerable individuals and groups

6
Legal and Institutional Framework of Water and
Sanitation Services
  • The Government developed an Integrated Water
    Resources Management Program /IWRMP/ in
    1999-2000. The program covered an assessment of
    water resources in Armenia and developed
    fundamental provisions of Armenians water
    policies
  • Based on IWRMP Concept Paper for Reforming Water
    Resources and Water System Management in Armenia
    was approved by the RoA Government in 2001

7
Legal and Institutional Framework of Water and
Sanitation Services
  • Establishment of the State Committee of Water
    Resources (SCWR) in 2001
  • Establishment of the Water Resources Management
    Agency . February 2001
  • Adoption of a new Water Code. June 4, 2002

8
Financing Water and Sanitation Services in Rural
Areas
  • Subsidies and donations for the WSS can be
    allotted by the communities
  • Appropriate sums are foreseen in the state budget
  • Several loan projects were implemented during the
    last five years and are ongoing in the country
    The main loans are coming from The World Bank
    The International Development Association (IDA)
    United Nations Development Program (UNDP) United
    States AID (USAID) the German Government through
    the KfW Ban

9
Investment in rural areas(Ararat province)
  • Water supply improvement activities in city
    Artashat
  • and rural settlements with the support of
    USAID 2008-2009, ( 3mln) Asian Development Bank
    (some villages of Ararat province will be
    included in the investment program)
  • At present the lack of dotations to support
    investments in water supply and sanitation in
    Ararat province

10
Affordability for low income people
  • Lack of reduced tariff for water supply and
    sanitation
  • Lack of criteria for low income people to
    benefit from targeted aid
  • The Government pays directly to the water
    companies for the electricity related to water
    supply

11
Local Context the village of Hayanist
  • 2440 inhabitants, 90 refugees
  • High unemployment and/or low income
  • Only 100 households are provided with safe
    drinking water supply
  • Women overrepresented due to migration of men
  • Waste water from toilets is disposed into the
    open drainage channels
  • Usage of drainage water for irrigation
  • High risk of soil and groundwater contamination

12
Local Context the village of Hayanist
  • Regularly flooded during spring
  • A very bad condition of the school toilet (365
    pupils)
  • Children infected by parasites

13
Activities in frame of TMF project supported by
WECF WfWf
  • Raising awareness and education campaigns
  • Parasitological investigation of schoolchildrens
    stool and treatment of infected children
  • Designing and building of school ecotoilet for
    365 schoolchildren and 23 teachers
  • Laying water pipes on in one district of village,
    providing 167 households with safe drinking water

14
Conclusion
  • Armenia aims at ensuring an access to drinking
    water for everyone, restoring the water supply
    service, supported by a legal framework
  • However, water providers are still not able to
    guarantee the implementation of the right to
    water for all, in particular for the poorest
  • Lack of transparency of the streams of financial
    assets assigned by the Government, Banks, Credit
    programs for the activities and development of
    this sphere

15
Recommendations
  • To improve water supply management in rural areas
    providing an access to safe water and sanitation
    for rural population
  • To implement alternative sanitation in the rural
    communities
  • To push forward the adoption of the Law on
    Drinking Water (presently in process) and
    legislative acts
  • To give more attention to and financing of
    sanitation

16
Recommendations
  • To raise awareness among the rural population
    about the efficient use of water resources
  • To develop a strategy to address the needs of
    marginalised and vulnerable groups
  • To implement differentiation of tariffs for
    different groups of consumers
  • To obtain more finance for improvement water
    supply and sanitation
  • To make more transparent the streams of financial
    assets assigned by the Government, Banks, Credit
    programs for the activities and development of
    this sphere

17
We have to answer Is it realistic to achieve
MDG 7 goal?
  • MDG 7 aims to halve by 2015 the proportion of
    people without sustainable access to safe
    drinking water and basic sanitations

18
Water sampling
19
Physical accessibility
20
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21
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22
Hayanist Eco San Toilet
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