Metropolitan Mobility in Spain- Are we tending towards sustainability?

1
Metropolitan Mobility in Spain- Are we tending
towards sustainability?

• Ana María Pardeiro
• Pedro J Pérez-Martínez

2
Metropolitan Mobility in SpainObjectives

• To set the basis for the MTAs to improve
  operation of their public transport system, and
  thus increasing their contribution towards
  sustainable mobility
• To describe the role of MTAs in achieving and
  attractive and quality transport system
  highlighting the main initiatives developed by
  the metropolitan areas
• To monitor public transport supply and demand
• To analyze the resources devoted to public
  transport system describing the financial models
  used
• To highlight the main initiatives and innovations
  developed by Metropolitan areas

3
Metropolitan Mobility in SpainDevelopment of a
data set of Indicators

• Undertake ongoing monitoring and evaluation of
  current transportation policies
• Compare data from municipalities facing the same
  challenges
• Identify good practises and strategies to be
  followed
• Strength the information, participation and
  decision-making process
• Data homogenization
• Collecting of information by Transport
  Authorities
• Priorize indicators for all metropolitan areas
  and for each report in order to analize trends

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Metropolitan Mobility in SpainIndicators

• GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT METROPOLITAN AREAS
• Basic data of Metropolitan Areas
• Modal split (pedestrian, car, public transport,
  bicycle)
• PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM
• Public transport demand
• Public transport supply
• Quality of public transport system
• FINANCIAL ASPECTS
• SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY
• Satisfaction with public transport system
• Public transport use and accesibility
• Global climatic changes/ Traffic Evolution
• Air quality. Accidents
• INNOVATIONS
• BEST PRACTICES

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Metropolitan Mobility in Spain, MTA
Asturias
Bilbao
Pamplona
Barcelona
Madrid
Valencia
Alicante
Sevilla
Granada
Cádiz
Málaga
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Metropolitan Mobility in SpainBasic Data
Metropolitan areas characteristics
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Metropolitan Mobility in SpainBasic Data -
Density
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Metropolitan Mobility in SpainBasic Data -
Population
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Metropolitan Mobility in SpainBasic Data
Motorization Index
no correlation between Motorization index and GDP
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Metropolitan Mobility in SpainModal Split Work
Trips
COMMUTING TRIPS
100
3,0
3
4
7,2
7,9
8,2
13,5
90
23
26,0
16,2
24
31,5
19,9
19,4
80
11,5
70
35,6
8,7
11,4
11
8,0
12
60
OTHERS
27,5
WALK
50
PT
40
CAR
64,5
63,5
63,0
62
61,5
61
30
50,9
41,0
20
10
0
Cádiz
Bilbao
Sevilla
Madrid
Málaga
Alicante
Asturias
Granada
Valencia
Pamplona
Barcelona
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Metropolitan Mobility in SpainModal Split Non
work trips
NON-WORK TRIPS
100
3,0
3,2
3,1
5,2
5,3
5,1
90
26,0
80
46,0
50,7
45,1
43,7
48,1
46,2
70
55,0
57,3
60
OTHERS
WALK
50
PT
14,4
16,9
13,7
25,5
40
18,2
CAR
74,0
11,0
32,7
14,4
30
20
36,8
34,8
34,7
31,0
30,6
28,5
23,1
10
16,7
0
0
Cádiz
Bilbao
Sevilla
Madrid
Málaga
Alicante
Asturias
Granada
Pamplona
Valencia
Barcelona
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Metropolitan Mobility in SpainDemand - the role
of public transport
The annual number of trips per habitant made by
public transport modes show a big variation,
ranging from 279 in Madrid to 64 in Malaga
Commute railroad services have a significant
weight in big cities such as Madrid and
Barcelona (13 and 18 respectively) The metro
has a very important share in those metropolitan
areas where it is present (45 total trips in
Barcelona)
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Metropolitan Mobility in SpainSupply
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Metropolitan Mobility in SpainSupply
15
Metropolitan Mobility in SpainSupply Public
transport density
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Metropolitan Mobility in SpainSupply Public
transport density
  vehicle-km/inhabitant vehicle-km/inhabitant vehicle-km/km2 vehicle-km/km2
  rail bus rail bus
Asturias - 8,5 - 1.559
Barcelona 31,2 19,9 37.828 24.15
Granada - 24,1 - 12.558
Madrid 44,1 42,8 31.444 30.511
Malaga 1,4 20,8 845 12.585
Pamplona - 22,1 - 79.564
Sevilla 0,0 20,0 0 16.368
Most populated metropolitan areas present denser
railroad network Railroad supply is significantly
higher than bus supply
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Metropolitan Mobility in SpainSupply Bus only
lanes network
Most of the Spanish metropolitan areas have large
BUS-ONLY lanes networks (small proportion
separate BUS-ONLY lanes)
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Metropolitan Mobility in SpainPublic Transport
Quality Bus fleet quality
Urban fleet reach higher quality levels than
suburban services
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Metropolitan Mobility in SpainSupply vs Demand
Madrid
Valencia
Alicante
Barcelona
Pamplona
Málaga
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Metropolitan Mobility in SpainFinancial
Coverage of operational costs (40-90)
21
Metropolitan Mobility in SpainFinancial
Subsidies and publicity (350 M Madrid 221
Barcelona)
Percentage of operational costs covered by
subsidies and publicity
22
Metropolitan Mobility in SpainFares
Public and private transport prices (2003)
Public transport fares are growing faster than
petrol prices and parking rates Some of the MTAs
have launched a fare integration
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Metropolitan Mobility in SpainInvestments and
projects
The annual average investment in the public
transport system (1995-2003) show significant
values for all metropolitan areas considered
(158 per inhabitant in Madrid, 67 in
Barcelona, 56 in Valencia), following a
positive trend
24
Metropolitan Mobility in SpainInvestements and
projects
Major investments in new public transport
facilities do not seem to be translated into
significant changes in modal split (investments
are devoted to improvements in the existing
network)
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Metropolitan Mobility in SpainAir Quality
(concentration excesses) and other Indicators

• Emission and energy consumption
• (5 avg. Growth)
• (2) Pollution level (PM10, NO2) /
• European Directive 1999/39/CE
• (3) Emissions control measures
• (4) Health and enviroment effects

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Metropolitan Mobility in SpainAir Quality
(concentration excesses)
NO2 (hourly) and PM10 (daily) concentration
excesses (2003)
Province Number of stations NO2 Number of times excess (gt200 µg/m3) Number of stations exceeding more than 18 times Number of stations PM10 Number of times excess (gt50 µg/m3) Number of stations exceeding more than 35 times
Alicante 6 3 0 3 22 0
Asturias 21 23 1 21 331 17
Barcelona 25 14 0 29 150 15
Bilbao 15 0 0 9 67 3
Granada 5 3 0 5 55 2
Madrid 40 63 10 40 195 38
Málaga 3 0 0 3 58 2
Sevilla 11 9 0 10 93 6
Valencia 13 3 0 4 43 2
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Metropolitan Mobility in SpainInvestment and
projects. Innovations
LIGHT RAIL ALICANTEEL CAMPELLO (VIII/2003)
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Metropolitan Mobility in SpainInvestment and
projects. Innovations
TRAMBAIX (2003)
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Metropolitan Mobility in SpainInvestment and
projects. Innovations
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Metropolitan Mobility in SpainInvestment and
projects. Innovations
CONSORCIO BAHÍA DE CÁDIZ (2003)
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Metropolitan Mobility in SpainInvestment and
projects. Innovations
MADRID INTERCHANGES
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Metropolitan Mobility in SpainConclusions (I)

• Effort to improve the infrastructure and
  operation of MTAs public transport systems
• Coordination of all public transport modes within
  one integrated system to support pt share
• Existing strategies seem clearly insufficient to
  cope with major urban challenges, environment
• The sustainability is a challenge in the field of
  environment and car traffic
• New policies should be adopted to promote public
  transport and non-motorised modes

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Metropolitan Mobility in SpainConclusions (II)

• The importance of public transport is more
  important in the largest cities
• Car ownership rates are similar in all
  metropolitan areas, no correlation with GDP
• Buses are the most important public transport in
  Spain
• Where Rail modes exist, their supply is major
• High level of investments to improve
  infraestructure

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Thanks !
Pedro José Pérez-MartínezTransport Research
Center TRANSyT, UPME-mail pjperez_at_caminos.upm.
esHomepage http//www.transyt.upm.es