Regions of the World How they are linked or divided

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Regions of the World(How they are linked or
divided)

• SOL WG.3c

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Essential Understanding

• Cultural differences can link or divide regions.

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Language

• How can language link or divide regions?

Think about some languages around the world and
where they are found.
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Language

• Arab world - The Arab world is a cultural region
  that is unified by the Arabic language. This
  region is found in North Africa and the Middle
  East. Some countries in the Arab world are
  Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Syria, Egypt, Algeria, Libya,
  Tunisia, Yemen, and Oman.

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The Arab World
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Language

• The following countries have many Muslims but
  Arabic is NOT the major language Iran,
  Indonesia, Turkey, Pakistan, and Afghanistan.

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Language

• Hispanic America is a region that is unified by
  language. The major language in this region is
  Spanish. Some countries that are in this region
  are Mexico, Venezuela, Argentina, Peru, Chile,
  Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia, and all of the
  countries in Central America except Belize.

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Hispanic America
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Language

• The following countries are NOT part of Hispanic
  America Haiti, Jamaica, Belize, and Brazil.

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Language

• Brazil - The major language in Brazil is
  Portuguese because Brazil was colonized by
  Portugal. There are more people who speak
  Portuguese in Brazil than Portugal.

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Language

• Canada is a good example of a country that is
  divided by language. In the province of Quebec,
  Canada there are many people who speak French.
  The rest of the people in Canada speak English.
  Quebec has tried to break away from Canada
  several times because the people feel they have
  different cultural characteristics.

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Language

• Switzerland is a good example of a country that
  has multiple languages but the country is still
  unified. Some of the languages spoken in
  Switzerland are German (official) 63.7, French
  (official) 20.4, and Italian (official) 6.5.

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Language

• English as a world language - English is a
  language that has become an international
  language of business and finance. As the
  economic power of China grows it is possible that
  Chinese may replace English in the future.

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Ethnic Heritage

• Examples of countries or regions that have
  experienced ethnic conflict
• The Balkans (Former Yugoslavia)
• Rwanda
• Cyprus

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Key Vocabulary

• Ethnicity
• Ethnic Cleansing
• Genocide
• Balkanization
• Nation
• Stateless Nation

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Balkan Peninsula

• The Balkan Peninsula has many different ethnic
  groups such as Serbs, Croats, Bosniaks, and
  Albanians. This region has experienced ethnic
  conflict for thousands of years. The most recent
  conflict lasted from 1992 - 1995, when Serbia
  invaded Bosnia. Thousands of Bosniaks were
  killed by Serbian and Croatian forces because
  they were a different ethnic and religious group.

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Balkan Peninsula
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Rwanda

• Rwanda is a small country in East Africa with two
  major ethnic groups, the Hutu and the Tutsi. In
  1994, the Hutu controlled military and militia
  groups began killing Tutsis. Over a period of
  three months at least 800,000 Tutsis were
  murdered in one of the worst genocides in history.

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Cyprus

• Cyprus is an island in the eastern Mediterranean.
  The country is divided into two countries based
  on ethnicity. One country is primarily Turkish
  and the other country is primarily Greek.

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Cyprus
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Ethnic Heritage

• Examples of countries or regions that have many
  ethnic groups but are unified
• The United States
• Switzerland

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The United States

• The United States is a good example of a country
  that has multiple ethnic groups but is still
  stable. The major ethnic groups in the United
  States are White 79, Black 13, Asian 5. The
  U.S. Census Bureau does not include Hispanic
  because it considers Hispanic to mean a person of
  Latin American descent, which means they could be
  of many different ethnic groups such as Cuban,
  Mexican, or Puerto Rican.

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Switzerland

• Switzerland has remained unified despite having
  several ethnic groups. The ethnic groups in
  Switzerland are as follows 65 German, 18
  French, 10 Italian.

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Ethnic Heritage

• Examples of countries that have a single ethnic
  group
• Korea (There are a few Chinese)
• Japan (98.5 Japanese, .5 Korean, .4 Chinese
  and around 200,000 Brazilians of Japanese origin)

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Religion (Unifying Force)

• Religion can serve as a unifying force for entire
  regions where most people follow the same
  religion. See powerpoint on religion for more
  details.

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Religion (Divisive Force)

• There are religious conflicts in the following
  areas
• Kashmir (conflict between Hindus and Muslims.
• Northern Ireland (conflict between Protestants
  and Catholics)
• Jerusalem (Jews, Christians, and Muslims all
  claim it as a holy city)

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Kashmir

• India and Pakistan both claim a region called the
  Kashmir. Part of the problem is based on
  religion. Pakistan is a Muslim country and India
  is Hindu.

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Kashmir
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Northern Ireland

• Northern Ireland is part of the United Kingdom.
  The United Kingdom refers to Scotland, England,
  Wales, and Northern Ireland. The country is
  about evenly divided between Protestants and
  Catholics. The Protestants want to remain part
  of the U.K. and the Catholics want to be part of
  Ireland.

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Northern Ireland

• Protestants and Catholics formed gangs in Belfast
  and would kill each other. The Catholics also
  bombed government buildings and police stations.
  The violence was so bad in Belfast that they
  constructed large walls to separate
  neighborhoods. Since then both sides have signed
  a peace agreement.

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The Peace Wall
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Murals in Belfast
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Murals in Belfast
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Jerusalem

• Christians consider Jerusalem to be holy because
  Jesus was crucified there.
• Jews consider Jerusalem to be holy because there
  temple was located there.
• Muslims consider Jerusalem to be holy because
  Muhammed ascended to heaven there and received
  the word of Allah.

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Jerusalem

• Jerusalem is the capital of Israel, a Jewish
  country that was created by the United Nations in
  1948. Jerusalem was divided between Israel and
  Palestine but Israel occupies East Jerusalem.

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Dome of the Rock
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Western Wall