EDWARD JENNER AND VACCINATION

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EDWARD JENNER AND VACCINATION
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AIMS

• To understand why Jenner was important.
• To understand why there was opposition to Jenner
  and his work.

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SMALLPOX

• Horrific illness.
• Epidemics every few years.
• Physical scars for survivors.
• House, belongings and goods disinfected.
• Lost jobs.
• Financial ruin.

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HOW TO AVOID IT?

• Innoculation a Chinese idea.
• Add pus from a smallpox scab to an open cut.
• Prevented people catching the full disease.
• Lady Mary Wortley Montague publicised the idea in
  Britain from 1721.
• Doctors began using the technique.
• Mass innoculation reduced effects of smallpox.

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PROBLEMS

• Some people died from the mild dose.
• Some became carriers and spread the disease.
• Cost.
• Some people refused to have the treatment as they
  were scared.

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EDWARD JENNER

• Doctor in Gloucestershire.
• Country people were refusing to be innoculated.
• Old wives tale if you caught cowpox you
  wouldnt catch smallpox.
• Jenner injected James Phipps with cowpox and then
  with smallpox.
• He was fine.

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VACCINATION

• Vacca is Latin for cow.
• Ideas published and used worldwide.
• Jenner given a grant by Parliament to open a
  vaccination clinic in London.
• 1850s - vaccination compulsory.
• Jenner couldnt explain how it worked germs had
  not been discovered.
• Saved many lives.
• The first immuniser.
• Basis of the science of immunology that a mild
  form of disease gives protection.

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OPPOSITION TO JENNER

• Some people dont like change.
• The idea seemed strange.
• Some people didnt accept his evidence.
• Doctors made money from innoculations.
• Vaccination was seen as dangerous if you were
  not careful could kill people.
• Cost.
• Compulsory vaccinations were an attack on
  personal liberty.
• He was only a country doctor.

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TASK

• Why was smallpox so feared?
• How did people try to protect themselves against
  smallpox?
• How effective was this method?
• Why was Jenner so important?

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HOMEWORK

• Questions taken from Summer, 2002.(a) Explain
  how Edward Jenner was able to discover
  vaccination. (5)(b) Did people oppose his
  ideas only because he was a country doctor and
  not a rich and famous one? Explain your answer.
  (7)