Cloning

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BiotechnologyBreakthroughs

• Cloning
• Biojudiciary Project
• http//www.biojudiciary.org
• Toby M Horn, PhD, Carnegie Institution of
  Washington

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Life Tools

1. Cells
2. Clones
3. DNA
4. Enzymes

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Cells

1. A multicellular organism starts from a single
   cell -- the fertilized egg -- that divides into
   cells that continue to divide and/or
   differentiate.

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Clones

1. Single bacteria, yeast, animal and plant cells
   can form clones -- colonies of identical cells --
   in cell culture.

http//www.mcb.harvard.edu/hastings/Images/bacteri
a.gif
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DNA
C. DNA forms a double-stranded helix through
H-bonds between the complementary bases (A-T,
G-C) on each strand.
Adapted from http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/b
v.fcgi?callbv.View..ShowSectionridcell.figgrp.1
404
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Enzymes

• D. Enzymes cut DNA at specific sequences.
• Enzymes re-seal the strands.
• http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd
  SearchdbbooksdoptcmdlGenBookHLterm
• DNAmoleculesANDcooper5Bbook5DAND1652015Bui
  d5Dridcooper.figgrp.455

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Types of Clones

1. Natural
2. Managed
3. Molecular
4. Nuclear
5. Stem Cell

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Types of Clones --- Natural
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Types of Clones --- Managed
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Types of Clones --- Molecular
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Types of Clones --- Nuclear
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Types of Clones --- Stem Cell
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The Biojudiciary Project

• Like all new technologies,
• the biotechnologies illustrated here
• -- and others ---
• raise significant ethical, legal and policy
  issues that must be given serious attention and
  properly addressed in an open manner.
• http//www.biojudiciary.org

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References and Image Sources
http//www.luc.edu/depts/biology/dev/mamemb.htm ht
tp//www.twinstuff.com/ twinolympics.htm http//ww
w.originaljewelry.com/motofthous.html http//straw
berry.ifas.ufl.edu/runnering20plant202.jpg http
//www.mcb.harvard.edu/hastings/Images/bacteria.gif
http//www.nih.gov/news/stemcell/primer.htm http
//www.biology.arizona.edu/immunology/tutorials/im
munology/02t.html http//www.nih.gov/news/stemcell
/scireport.htm http//www.fjc.gov/newweb/jnetweb.n
sf/pages/16
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