Carbohydrate Intake and Diabetes

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Carbohydrate Intake and Diabetes
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Blood Sugar glucose in bloodstream

• Regardless of whether or not we eat complex
  carbohydrates (starches) or simple sugars, our
  body breaks all carbohydrates down into glucose
  during digestion.

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Eating carbohydrates causes blood sugar levels to
rise

• Eating lots of simple sugars causes a rush of
  glucose into the blood stream (spike).
• Because it takes your body longer to breakdown
  complex carbohydrates, they do not cause spikes
  in blood sugar levels.

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Glucose Uptake by Cells

• Constantly high blood sugar levels can cause
  health problems ranging from loss of eye sight to
  kidney malfunction, etc.
• Our bodys cells naturally absorb glucose to burn
  as fuel during cellular respiration.

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Glucose Uptake by Cells

• A hormone called insulin is produced by our
  pancreas and responsible for signaling our cells
  to absorb glucose from our bloodstream.

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Glucose Uptake
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Glucose Uptake

• Cell membranes are covered with proteins, fats
  and carbohydrates that act as signal receptors
  (radio antenna) that receive signals from other
  cells

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Steps in Glucose Uptake

• The pancreas secretes insulin when blood sugar
  levels get high.
• Insulin binds to receptors located on the outside
  of the cell membrane of our cells.

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Steps in Glucose Uptake

• When insulin binds to the receptors, channels
  through the cell membrane are opened and glucose
  is let in.
• Once in the cell, glucose is broken down and used
  in cellular respiration (in the mitochondria).

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Type I Diabetes

• People whose pancreas does not make insulin are
  type I diabetics.
• People are born with this condition- although it
  may not develop right away.
• It is caused by a viral infection that affects
  the unborn child.

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Treating Type I Diabetics

• They must take insulin injections
• Type I diabetics must monitor blood sugar levels
  constantly

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Treating Type I diabetic (Cont. )

• Type I diabetics must careful not to get spikes
  in blood sugar levels (simple sugars).
• They also must guard against low blood sugar
  levels brought on by injecting too much insulin.

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Type II Diabetics

• Accounts for 90 of all diabetes cases
• Have cells that are insulin resistant.
• The pancreas makes insulin, but the cells arent
  signaled to uptake glucose.

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Type II Diabetes

• Is often called adult onset diabetes, because it
  develops in adults.
• More and more frequently is affecting kids

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Type II Diabetics

• Obesity and diets high in refined sugars are
  thought to be the main culprits in the rapid
  increase of cases of type II diabetes.

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Treating Type II Diabetes

• The first option is to maintain constant blood
  sugar levels simply by limiting your carbohydrate
  (especially simple, refined sugars) intake.

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Treating Type II Diabetes (cont)

• If diet alone cannot stabilize blood sugar
  levels, insulin injections ca be used.
• In either case, once diagnosed with diabetes,
  there is no cure-only treatment