Major Classes of Organic Compounds

1
Major Classes of Organic Compounds
2
Carbohydrates

• Sugars and starches
• Primary source of energy for bodys cells
• Also used in cell structure and cell to cell
  signaling

3
Carbs. Continued

• Made of only C, O, and H atoms.
• 2H atoms for every C and O atom
• Ex. C6H12O6, C5H10O5, etc
• Often end in ose (Glucose, sucrose, maltose,
  etc.)

4
Lipids

• Primarily used as energy reserves
• Also used as insulation, as parts of cells, as
  hormones, etc.

5
Lipids

• Fats are made of a glycerol head and three chains
  of fatty acids
• Made of C, H and O, but not nearly as many Os as
  Cs and Hs.

6
There are three basic types of fats

• Saturated fats- increase cholesterol levels-found
  in animal products
• Monounsaturated fats- like olive oil and peanut
  oil- actually reduce cholesterol levels
• Polyunsaturated fats-corn oil, soybean oil, etc

7
The atomic structure of a fat (monounsaturated)
8
Fats will not dissolve in water
9
Nucleic Acids

• Contain the genetic information used to produce
  all of the proteins found in the body.
• DNA and RNA
• Found only in cells (DNA in the nucleus, RNA
  throughout the cell).

10
They are made of three basic parts

• Nitrogen bases
• Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil
• A sugar called ribose
• Phosphate molecules

11
DNA

• Each human cell has over 6 feet of DNA in it
  (exactly the same in each cell)
• In those 6 feet are roughly 30,000 genes

12
There are Two Types of RNA

• Messenger RNA- copies a gene (piece of DNA)
• Transfer RNA- Carries amino acids to ribosome to
  assemble proteins