Dr. Barrett L. Kays

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Dr. Barrett L. Kays
Dr. Barrett L. Kays Landis, Inc. www.barrettkays.c
om
Dr. Barrett L. Kays Landis, Inc. www.barrettkays.c
om
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Strategies for Improving the Clean-up and
Maintenance of Greyfield Sites
by Dr. Barrett L. KaysGreyfields
2002Community Renewal and Redevelopment Through
Adaptive Reuse Conference, West Palm Beach,
Florida
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Strategies for Improving the Clean-up and
Maintenance of Greyfield Sites

• Is it a Brownfield, Greyfield or Greenfield?
• Dont pull the trigger until you are sure.
• What are the major environmental issues?
• What are the major regulatory hurdles?
• What strategies will led to a successful project?
  
• How do we assure environmental compliance?

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Is it a Brownfield, Greyfield or Greenfield?

• Brownfields may have
• Action levels of hazardous wastes in soil and
  groundwater, and
• Action levels of petroleum wastes in soil and
  groundwater (depends upon states brownfield
  law), or
• No wastes, but have a stigma or perception
  (depends upon states brownfield law).

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Confidential Industry Proposed Brownfield
Redevelopment
Confidential Industry Proposed Brownfield
Redevelopment
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Is it a Brownfield, Greyfield or Greenfield?

• Greenfields may have
• Corps regulated jurisdictional waters and
  wetlands,
• FWS regulated endangered, threatened and
  protected species and habitats,
• FEMA regulated floodplains, and
• EPA regulated water quality restrictions.

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West Creek Business Park, Richmond, VA
Greenfield Development
West Creek Business Park, Richmond, VA
Greenfield Development
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Is it a Brownfield, Greyfield or Greenfield?

• Greyfields may have some
• Corps regulated jurisdictional water and
  wetlands,
• FWS regulated endangered, threatened and
  protected species and habitats,
• FEMA regulated floodplains,
• EPA regulated water quality restrictions,
• But, a lesser amount than Greenfields.

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University Place Plaza, Charlotte, NC Greyfield
Redevelopment
University Place Plaza, Charlotte, NC Greyfield
Redevelopment
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Is it a Brownfield, Greyfield or Greenfield?

• Greyfields also may have some
• Limited areas with action levels of hazardous
  wastes in soil and groundwater (depends upon
  states brownfield law),
• Action levels of petroleum and dry cleaning
  solvent wastes in soil and groundwater (depends
  upon states brownfield law),
• But, a lesser amount than Brownfields, or
• No wastes, but have a stigma or perception
  (depends upon states brownfield law).

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Great Lawn, Central Park, New York, NY
Greyfield Redevelopment
Great Lawn, Central Park, New York, NY
Greyfield Redevelopment
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Belvedere Lake, Central Park, New York, NY
Greyfield Redevelopment
Belvedere Lake, Central Park, New York, NY
Greyfield Redevelopment
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Therefore, Greyfields are

• Sites with limited contamination
• hazardous wastes, petroleum, and dry cleaning
  solvents (depends upon states brownfield law),
• Sites with environmental restrictions
• floodplains, wetlands, eroding stream channels,
  stormwater, etc., and
• Sites that have a stigma or perception of
  environmental and, or economic difficulties.

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Dont Pull the Trigger Until Youre Sure

• Conduct a complete and thorough environmental
  site assessment
• Determine all contingent environmental
  liabilities,
• Determine corrective actions and costs, and
• Determine alternative strategies very
  important.
• Determine how to maximize the develop- ment
  potential of the site and at the same time assure
  environmental compliance.

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What are the major environmental issues?

• Factors that prevents full development of the
  site
• Floodways and wetlands,
• Inflexible local land development codes, and
• Stormwater regulations that cuts into the net
  usable acreage by requiring vegetated buffers
  along stream channels and stormwater basins with
  large surface areas.
• These issues are important because they impact
  the
• net usable acreage, and thus redevelopment
  potential.

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What are the major land use/ environmental issues?

• Local development regulations effect net usable
  acreage or maximum floor area
• Minimum lot area buildings per lot
  requirements,
• Setbacks and yard areas requirements,
• Building heights and floor area ratios
  requirements,
• Off-street parking requirements, and
• Limitations on mixed uses.
• All of these requirements are intended to achieve
  environmental welfare of public, but also limit
  the redevelopment potential of the property.

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What are the secondary environmental issues?

• Soil and groundwater contamination
• Leaking underground storage tanks (LUSTs),
• Limited pockets of hazardous waste, and
• Other environmental issues and contingencies
• That affects development construction costs, but
  does not affect the net usable acreage or gross
  leasable square footage in buildings.

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Strategy Matrix
Home Run Significant increase in base property
value Limited environmental land development
costs
Hit Maybe? Significant increase in base
property value Significant environmental
land development costs
Strike Out Limited increase in base property
value Significant environmental land
development costs
Hit Maybe? Limited increase in base property
value Limited environmental land development
costs

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Wetlands Tool Kit

• Wetland Hydric Soils
• Use Field Indicators of Hydric Soils in United
  States Version 4.0
• http//www/statlab.iastate.edu/soils/hydric/fieldi
  ndintro.html
• http//www.barrettkays.com/articles/website_1-02.h
  tml
• Wetland Hydrology
• Use DRAINMOD computer simulation
• http//www.bae.ncsu.edu/bae/research/soil_water/ww
  w/watmngmnt/drainmod/
• http//www.barrettkays.com/articles/webarticle_2-0
  2.html

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Tool Kit

• Floodplains
• LOMA for floodway and floodway fringe
• Add cross sections to narrow floodway,
• Add adjustments for existing bridges structures
  to further narrow the floodway,
• Consider major shift in floodway using an
  asymmetrical floodway,
• Obtain necessary environmental approvals to fill
  the floodway fringe

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Tool Kit (cont.)

• Stormwater Quality Basins
• Reduce size of facility with use of
  polyacrylamides (PAM's) flocculants,
• http//www.barrettkays.com/ articles/webarticle_5-
  02.htm
• Further reduce size of facility using aeration in
  second cell of the basin, and
• Provide shallow surface flow discharge through
  dense vegetated buffer, or
• Bioretention cell with subsurface drainage into
  stream channel.

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Tool Kit (cont.)

• Stream Channel Buffers
• If there is sufficient space, add vegetated
  stream buffers on flatter slopes adjacent to the
  channels, or
• If space is at a premium, add ecological
  bioengineering of stream banks with vegetation in
  lieu of vegetated stream buffer
• Add bioengineering of eroding stream channels
  bottoms and include ripples and pools,

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Tool Kit Summary

• Environmental Tool Kits
• Learn to solve difficult wetland problems that
  would otherwise prevent redevelopment,
• Learn to solve complex floodplain problems that
  are essential for a successful site
  redevelopment,
• Learn to solve water quality basin designs when
  there is inadequate space on the site, and
• Learn to design and implement bioengineering of
  stream channels and buffers in limited space.

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Public Solutions Team

• Action Team Driven for Success
• Create a truly multidisciplinary redevelopment
  team that will Never Ever say No to a Client,
• Challenge the team to master creative market
  driven site design redevelopment economics,
• Make them responsible to find and partner with
  private development clients, to solve any problem
  of the client, and to close the deal, and
• Grant them the authority to exempt a project from
  any local regulatory requirement, and assist them
  by seeking the same from other public agencies.

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More Information

• www.barrettkays.com
• Download a copy of this power point presentation,
• Download technical environmental articles about
  technical resources, projects, and cases,
• Use my links for technical environmental
  information and environmental regulatory sites,
• Sign up for periodic web articles to be sent you,
  and
• Contact me if you have any questions.