Fundaments of demography

1
Fundaments of demography
2
Demography introduction

• Demos grafein
• Study of reproduction of population
• Population
• inhabitants in the specific area
• group of inhabitants with the same biological,
  cultural and social characteristics

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The history of demography

• 1662 John Graunt The natural and political
  observations, death time table
• based on death time tables ? modelling of the
  death of the London inhabitants
• 17th and 18th century many theories, example
• A. Smith Labour requirement influents and
  determines state of population,
• Thomas Robert Malthus population has an
  exponential growth, means of life support have
  linear growth

4
The history of demography

• International statistical congres 1853 in
  Brussels (initiator L. Quetelet)
• the main topic of the congres
• The first demographic congres 1927, Geneve,
  formation of International Union for the
  Scientific Study of Population

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Infancy of demography in czech countries

• 1897 Institute of antropology and demography
  Charles university
• 1918 State statistical office, department of
  population statistics
• 1920 Charles University, Faculty of Science

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Demographic information sources

• Yearbooks
• Demographic yearbook, UN, since 1948
  (http//unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/)
• demographic info about chosen countries of the
  world
• (not detailed)
• EUROSTAT (http//ec.europa.eu/eurostat)
• detailed demographic info about EU countries
• Czech statistical office (CSÚ, http//www.czso.cz)
  
• very detailed info about czech inhabitants

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Demographic information sources

• Journals
• Population Index (USA, quarterly, since 1935)
• Population Societé
  (France, monthly, since 1946)
• Demography (USA, quarterly, since 1964)
• Zeitschrift für Bevölkerungswissenschaft (GER,
  4 publications per year, since 1975)
• Demografie (CZE, quarterly, since 1958)

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Demographic data

• Two types of data

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Population state

• Based on census of inhabitants or population
  census
• Census of inhabitants (collected only basic data
  age, sex, occupation, etc.)
• Population census (big action, many personal
  characteristics, is done more precisely)

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Population state indicators

• Size of population (2 types)
• Size of population
• Mid-year state of population

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Population state indicators

• Average computation
• linear growth of inhabitants
• geometric growth of inhabitants
• continuous growth of inhabitants

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Population state indicators

• Density of population

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Population state indicators

• Population structure by sex
• share of men
• share of women
• index of masculinity
• index of feminity

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Population state indicators

• Structure of population by age
• biological generation I. 0 14 years
• II. 15 49 years
• III. 50 years and over
• dependency ratio according BG

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Population state indicators

• economic generation
• I. 0 19 years (pre-productivity)
• II. 15 49 years (productivity)
• III. 50 and over (post-productivity)
• index of economic load
• weigthed index of economic load

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Population state indicators

• young dependency rate
• (green dependency)
• old dependency rate
• (grey dependency)

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Population state indicators

• Age pyramid
• progressive (I. BG gt III. BG)
• stationary (I. BG III. BG)
• regressive (I. BG lt III. BG)

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Population state indicators

• Age pyramid

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Population state indicators age pyramid
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Population state indicators

• Age of population
• life expectancy average duration of life of the
  current newborn
• normal life expectancy the most frequently age
  of death (mode of live duration)
• probability life expectancy age, in which could
  live at least a half of population (median)

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Population movement indicators

• are directly related to reproduction of
  population
• Indicators birth, death, marrage, divorce and
  moving
• register of natural change
• register of migration

22
Demographic indicators

• Study of reproduction of population
• process of dying-cul
• process of reproduction
• process of migration

23
Demographic indicators

• Basic indicators
• mortality death ability
• fertility ability of reproduction
• marriage ability of making couples, which make
  possible a reproduction
• divorce ability to cancel out of made couples
• migration ability to move

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Demographic indicators

• Mortality
• death rate
• exposition estimate of average of population
  mid-year state of population
• Mid-year state of population is estimated
• arithmetical average of first and last value in
  the time period
• size of population in the centre of the interval

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Demographic indicators

• Specific indicators of mortality (by age, by sex
  etc.)
• suckling mortality mortality up to 1 year of
  the sucklings life
• suckling mortality quotient
• newborn mortality mortality up to 28 days after
  childbirth
• newborn mortality quotient

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Demographic indicators

• letality rate
• specific rate of letality by age

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Demographic indicators

• Natality
• natality rate
• fertility rate
• contingent number of women in the fertility age
  (15 49 years)

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Demographic indicators

• specific rate of fertility includes age of the
  women
• total fertility rate average number of
  children, which are born to 1 woman, fertility is
  not changing, mortality up to 50 years is zero
• net rate of reproduction number of girls, which
  are born to 1 women, fertility is not changing a
  mortality up to 50 years is also not changing
• crude rate of reproduction number of girls,
  which are born to 1 women, fertility is not
  changing a mortality up to 50 years is zero

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Demographic indicators

• Newborn classification
• sex index of masculinity and feminity
• vitality
• legitimate
• maturity readiness to live in the real world
• full-term baby
• not full-term baby

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Demographic indicators

• Abortion
• crude rate of abortion
• specific rate of abortion includes age of the
  women
• total rate of abortion average number of
  abortions per life of the women, fertility and
  abortion rate is not changing and death rate up
  to 50 years is zero

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Demographic indicators

• Marriage a divorce
• crude marriage rate
• crude marriage rate men
• crude marriage rate women

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Demographic indicators

• specific marriage rate
• specific first marriage rate
• first marriage average age

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Demographic indicators

• crude divorce rate
• specific divorce rate
• specific divorce rates

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Demographic indicators

• Migration
• number of moved in (I) and moved out (E)
• migration balance
• total migration
• immigration intensity
• emigration intensity

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Demographic indicators

• relative migration balance
• total migration rate
• migration balance rate

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Demographic indicators

• Population increase
• natural population increase
• K N M
• natural increase rate
• total population increase
• T N M S