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Genetics Lab

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Title: Genetics Lab


1
Genetics Lab
  • Dr. Jeff Young young_at_biol.wwu.edu
  • Office Hours BI 412 MR 10 - 11 am or by
    appointment
  • Lecture M 1 150 pm in BH104
  • Lab TR 200 450 pm in BI454

2
Course Goals
  • Content goals
  • You should understand and be able to apply
    classical genetic and molecular genetic
    principles in a laboratory setting. Specifically,
    you should obtain a reasonably sophisticated
    understanding of several major aspects of
    genetics, including Mendelian Genetics,
    prokaryotic genetics, and molecular genetics.
  • You should acquire skills in handling model
    organisms, keeping detailed research records,
    analyzing data and writing scientific reports.
  •  Process goals
  • You should improve your critical thinking skills
    through the analysis of experimental data.
  • You should improve your quantitative reasoning
    skills.
  • You should improve your written communication
    skills.

3
Lab Notebook
  • Will be used to record your activities and
    observations during each laboratory period
  • with numbered pages,
  • with table of contents,
  • organize your notebook by experiment and not by
    class period.
  • Prepare and hand in an abstract of the days
    work.
  • Work up and analyze your data as soon as you've
    completed the experiment and while it is still
    fresh in your mind.

4
Texts/Lab Manual/etc.
  • None.
  • Hand outsalso posted, http//www.biol.wwu.edu/you
    ng/322/
  • Genetics texts on reserve.
  • Attendance is mandatory.

5
Evaluation
  • Notebooks 40 points total,
  • 1 pt/lab, pre-lab hand in 
  • Lab Behavior 30 points
  • Formal Lab Write-ups 50 pts. 
  • Mid Term and Final 50 pts. (each) 
  • Pop quizzes and other assignments 30 pts. 
  • Approximate Grading Scale
  • 225-250 points A
  • 200-224 points B
  • 175-199 points C
  • 150-174 points D
  • Below 150 points F

6
Schedule
  • Subject to Change

7
Mendel Revisited
  • C. elegans is a nematode, phyllum Nematoda.
    Nematodes can be free-living or parasitic and can
    be found in terrestrial or aquatic habitats.  
  • Bacteriovorous in the lab, C. elegans is fed on
    E. coli. 
  • Self-fertilizing adult C. elegans are usually
    self-fertilizing protandrous hermaphrodites. Thus
    it is easy to generate homozygous mutant stocks.
     
  • The lifecycle takes about 2.5 days at 250 C 
  • C. elegans is diploid and has five pairs of
    chromosomes (named I, II, III, IV and V) and sex
    chromosome(s) (X). 
  • Gender is determined by an XX (hermaphrodite) -
    XO (male) chromosomal system .
  • Males are found rarely (about 0.05 of normal lab
    populations).  
  • The commonest lab strain, and the designated
    "wild type" strain, is called N2. 
  • Hermaphrodites have exactly 959 cells, each cell
    derived in an exact and invariable manner. 
  • Males have 1031 cells.
  • Caenorhabditis elegans
  • A small, free-living bacteriovorous soil nematode.

Parts
8
Cell Fate
9
C. elegans Genome
  • The C. elegans genome is spread across six
    approximately equally sized chromosomes (5
    autosomes, one X). 
  • The genome size is 97 Megabases (Mb) 
  • The genomes of other nematodes are in the same
    range. Brugia malayi, a filarial parasite of
    humans, has a genome of 100 Mb.  
  • The AT content is 60. 
  • The genome is sequenced.

10
C. elegans Nomenclature
Tower of Babel
11
Making Crosses
  • C. elegans is usually a self-fertilizing
    hermaphrodite. However, it is possible to set up
    genetic crosses
  • C. elegans (0.05) males are found in natural, or
    wildtype populations 
  • they develop after accidental non-disjunction of
    the X chromosomes in gametogenesis (males are
    XO), 
  • the rate of non-disjunction can be increased by
    exposing a population of hermaphrodites to heat
    shock (30 deg. C for gt6 hrs), 
  • Male sperm out-competes hermaphrodite sperm,
  • male lines" can be propagated indefinitely by
    picking individual males and hermaphrodites 
  • him strains, mutant lines that yield high
    frequencies of males.

12
Wt (N2) X unc-32 dpy-11
  • Wt
  • unc

dpy
13
Lab Life Cycles

14
Diagram Crossdue Thursday, in Notebook
  • P N2 X unc-32 dpy-11
  • F1 Genotype(s), Ratio
  • F2 Genotype(s), Ratio
  • Save Room for the next assignment
  • F3 generation, from wt phenotype F2s.

Tails
Movements Size
15
(No Transcript)
16
Bioinformatics
  • Tuesday, Introduction to Bioinformatics
  • Arntzen 01! 2 pm
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