Chapter 10 Bonding and Molecular Structure: Orbital Hybridization

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Chapter 10 Bonding and Molecular
StructureOrbital Hybridization

• Valence Bond Theory
• Orbital Hybridization
• Double and Triple Bonds

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I. Valence Bond Theory

• Two models are useful to describe bond formation
• Molecular Orbital (MO) Theory
• orbitals from different atoms combine to form
  molecular orbitals
• good quantitative picture of bonding
• needed to describe molecules in excited states
• Valence Bond Theory
• bonds are formed by atomic orbital overlap
• good qualitative picture (more visual)
• particularly useful for molecules with many atoms

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Example H2
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Example HF
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Example F2
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II. Orbital Hybridization

• Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals
• combining multiple atomic orbitals on a single
  atom to make new hybrid orbitals

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III. Double and Triple Bonds

• First example C2H4
• Second example C2H2

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Pi bonds make double and triple bonds rigid ? no
rotation
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This leads to isomerism in molecules with
double bonds
Ex C2H2Cl2