Transport overhead

1
Transport overhead
90 bytes
3 bytes
Framing A1
Framing A2
Section Trace J0
BIP-8 B1
OW E1
User F1
Section Overhead
DCC D1
DCC D2
DCC D3
Pointer H1
Pointer H2
Pointer H3
STS-1 Envelope Capacity
BIP-8 B2
APS K1
APS K2
9 rows
DCC D4
DCC D5
DCC D6
Line Overhead
DCC D7
DCC D8
DCC D9
DCC D10
DCC D11
DCC D12
Sync S1/Z1
FEBE M0/M1/Z2
OW E2
Transport Overhead
125 microsec.
29
2
STS-1 SPE path overhead
90 bytes
3 bytes
STS-1 Envelope Capacity
STS Path Overhead
Transport Overhead
9 rows
Trace J1
BIP-8 B3
Label C2
Status G1
User F2
Payload Capacity
Multiframe H4
Synchronous Payload Envelope
Growth Z3
Growth Z4
TCM Z5
30
3
Framing bytes (A1, A2)
A1 Byte
A2 Byte
1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0
1 0 1 0 0 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Hex F628
31
4
Scrambling
32
5
Section trace (J0)
J0 Byte
Trace ID Value
ID2
ID3
ID4
ID5
33
6
Path trace (J1)
Path trace code assigned to indicate physical
location of path source
Equipment provisioned to monitor path trace code
Vancouver
DS3
DS3
Vancouver
Toronto
Recommended Use
64 character ASCII string
J1 bytes
STS-1 frame
n
n1
n2
n63
Common Language Location Identifier (CLLI)
34
7
Section BIP-8 (B1)
B1 Byte
Even parity calculated over all bit 8s from
entire STS-N frame
Even parity calculated over all bit 1s from
entire STS-N frame
35
8
Line BIP-8 (B2)
B2 Byte
Even parity calculated over all bit 8s from
entire STS-1 frame excluding section overhead
Even parity calculated over all bit 1s from
entire STS-1 frame excluding section overhead
36
9
Line remote error indication (M0/M1)
37
10
Path BIP-8 (B3)
B3 Byte
Even parity calculated over all bit 8s from
entire SPE frame
Even parity calculated over all bit 1s from
entire SPE frame
38
11
Path status (G1)
G1 Byte
REI Remote Error Indication RDI Remote Defect
Indication
Path REI
RDI
Unused
0 X X No defects 0 0 1 No defects 0
1 0 Payload defects (payload label
mismatch, ATM loss of cell delineation) 1 1
0 Connectivity defects (path trace mismatch,
unequipped) 1 0 1 Server defects (path
AIS, loss of pointer) NOTE Exceptions to
handle backwards compatibility are documented in
GR-253.
39
12
Line RDI
40
13
Section orderwire (E1)
Line Terminal
Line Terminal
Regenerator
E1 Byte


41
14
Line orderwire (E2)
42
15
Section user channel (F1)


43
16
Path user channel (F2)
44
17
SONET data communications channels (D1-D3, D4-D12)
D1-3 Bytes Section Data Comm Channel (192
kbit/s) D4-12 Bytes Line Data Comm Channel (576
kbit/s)
OS
External Data Network
Gateway NE
NE
NE
NE
OS Operations System NE Network Element
45
18
Synchronization status messaging (S1)
47
19
Path signal label (C2)
48
20
Tandem connection monitoring
49
21
Tandem connection monitoring
Path Terminating Equipment (PTE)
Tandem Connection Terminating Equipment (TCTE)
Line Terminating Equipment (LTE)
Tandem Connection Terminating Equipment (TCTE)
Path Terminating Equipment (PTE)
DS3
DS3
STS Path
STS Path
STS Path
TC
TC
DS3
Line
Line
Line
Line
Line
Section
Section
Section
Section
Section
Photonic
Photonic
Photonic
Photonic
Photonic
Section
Section
Section
Section
Line
Line
Line
Line
Tandem Connection
STS Path
50
22
TCM byte (Z5)
Z5 Byte
IEC
Data Link
IEC - Incoming Error Count
IEC and Data Link
Tandem Connection Monitor
DS3
DS3
OC-12
PTE
TCTE
TCTE
PTE
51
23
STS-1 payload pointer offset
90 bytes
Frame N
STS-1 SPE
STS Pointer
1
40
41
87
125 µs
Frame N 1
STS Pointer
250 µs
63
24
STS payload pointer (H1, H2)
70
25
Multiframe indicator (H4)
V4 Bytes
H4
00
H4 Byte
V1 Bytes
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
H4
01
V2 Bytes
X X X
X X X
H4
10
VT SubFrame Counter
V3 Bytes
H4
11
V4 Bytes
H4
00
88
26
Single-ended performance monitoring
99
27
Maintenance signaling
100
28
Linear 11
102
29
Linear 1N
103
30
APS bytes (K1, K2) - linear protection
Switch Preemption Priority 1111 Lockout of
Protection 1110 Forced Switch 1101 Signal Fail -
High 1100 Signal Fail - Low 1011 Signal Degrade -
High 1010 Signal Degrade - Low 1001 1000 Manual
Switch 0111 0110 Wait-to-Restore 0101 0100
Exercisor 0011 0010 Reverse Request 0001 Do Not
Revert 0000 No Request
104
31
1N APS signaling
105
32
Unidirectional path switched rings
Working
Protection
Ring Node
106
33
Unidirectional path switched rings
107
34
Bidirectional line switched rings
Clockwise Fiber
Counter Clockwise Fiber
Ring Node
108
35
Bidirectional line switched rings
Fiber Cut
Clockwise - Working
CW - Prot.
CCW - Working
CCW - Prot.
Ring Node
109
36
APS bytes (K1, K2) - ring protection
Switch Preemption Priority 1111 Lockout of
Protection 1110 Forced Switch - Span 1101 Forced
Switch - Ring 1100 Signal Fail - Span 1011 Signal
Fail - Ring 1010 Signal Degrade - Protection 1001
Signal Degrade - Span 1000 Signal Degrade -
Ring 0111 Manual Switch - Span 0110 Manual Switch
- Ring 0101 Wait-to-Restore 0100 Exercisor -
Span 0011 Exercisor - Ring 0010 Reverse Request -
Span 0001 Reverse Request - Ring 0000 No Request
111 Line AIS 110 Line RDI 011 Extra Traffic 010
Bridged and Switched Status 001 Bridged
Status 000 Idle
110
37
Survivable ring interconnect
DS1, DS3, STS-N, OC-N
Protection path may be carried on
working channels or protection channels
Ring 1
Ring 2
Drop and Continue
SEL
Path Selection
111
38
Payload defect indicator
Ring 1
Ring 2
STS-1
DS3
DCS
STS-1
SEL
STS Payload Defect Indicator (PDI) triggers the
selector in the event of the DS3 failure
112
39
ITU - SDH recommendations

• G.707
• SDH bit rates, frame multiplexing structure,
  mappings, and functions of overhead
• G.781
• structure of recommendations on SDH equipment
• G.782
• types and general characteristics of SDH
  equipment
• G.783
• characteristics of SDH equipment functional
  blocks
• G.784
• management of SDH equipment and networks
• G.803
• SDH transport network architectures
• G.841
• SDH network protection architectures
• G.842
• interworking of SDH network protection
  architectures
• G.957
• optical interface specifications for SDH systems
• G.958

114
40
ANSI standards

• ANSI T1.105
• basic SONET format, overhead definitions
• ANSI T1.105.01
• SONET automatic protection switching
• ANSI T1.105.02
• SONET payload mappings
• ANSI T1.105.03
• Jitter at (SONET) Network Interfaces
• ANSI T1.105.04
• SONET Data Communications Channel Protocols and
  Architecture
• ANSI T1.105.05
• Tandem Connection Monitoring
• ANSI T1.105.06
• SONET physical layer specifications
• ANSI T1.105.07
• Sub-STS-1 Interface Rates and Formats (VT1.5 and
  VT Group)
• ANSI T1.105.09
• SONET Timing and Synchronization
• ANSI T1.106

115
41
Bellcore standards

• GR-499
• SONET Transport System Generic Requirements
• GR-253
• SONET Common Generic Criteria
• GR-1377
• OC-192 Criteria
• GR-1230
• Bidirectional Line Switched Rings (BLSR)
• GR-1400
• Unidirectional Path Switched Rings (UPSR)

116
42
ETSI standards

• ETS 300 147
• SDH multiplexing structure
• ETS 300 232/A1
• Optical interfaces for SDH
• ETS 300 417-1-1
• SDH equipment Generic processes and performance
  
• ETS 300 417-2-1
• SDH and PDH physical section layer functions
• ETS 300 417-4-1
• SDH path layer functions
• ETS 300 462-5
• Generic requirements for synchronization of SDH
• ETS 300 746
• SDH network protection
• ETS 300 484
• SDH information model
• ETR 114
• architecture of SDH transport networks

117