Chapter 3 Section 2

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Chapter 3 Section 2

• New England and the Middle Colonies

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I. New Englands Economy

• Fishing industry provided many jobs for people
  living along the coast.
• Farther inland other farms, sawmills, and other
  industries helped create a very diverse society
  in New England.
• Farmers practiced subsistence farming, using
  nearly everything they produced.

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New Englands Economy cont

• The main crop grown in New England was corn.
• Most farms also had orchards. Apple trees could
  be used for cider or dried to feed livestock in
  the winter.
• Farmers raised oxen, dairy cattle, and pigs.

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A. Fishing and Whaling

• Grand Banks-shallow region off coast of Atlantic
  Ocean that had mix of warm water of Gulf and cold
  water of North Atlantic. Good place for
  plankton-food for fish and whales.
• Coastline had many good harbors and a lot of
  timber to build fishing boats.

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• Whaling played major role in economy. Found in
  Nantucket, Cape Cod, and Provincetown. Sought
  prey for their blubber, used for making candles
  and lamp oil, perfume, buttons, and combs.

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Wood engraving by William P. Bodfish, American
(fl. late 19th century). "Whaling Off Long Island
- Drawn by W.P. Bodfish" from Harper's Weekly,
January 31, 1885. While this illustration depicts
shore whaling 200 years after its inception on
the coasts of Long Island the techniques of
flensing a large whale on the beach remained
essentially the same. This scene took place off
Southhampton on January 15, 1885 when a small
school of right whales, 30 to 60 feet in length
came close enough to shore for the local citizens
to engage in their traditional whaling activity.
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B. Lumbering and Shipbuilding

• Forests covered much of eastern coastline.
• Fall line-area where rivers descend from a high
  elevation to a lower one causing waterfalls.
• Waterfalls were used to power sawmills. 1st
  sawmill built in New Hampshire in 1635.

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• Lumber was a necessity. Needed houses and
  furniture. Barrels were important because barrels
  were used to ship and store almost anything.
• Lumber industry led to shipbuilding. Forests and
  sawmills were close to the coast, so ships could
  be built quickly and cheaply.
• It was cheaper to buy a ship in America than
  England. By the 1770s, 1 out of 3 English ships
  were built in America.

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II. Life in New Englands Towns

• New Englands social life centered on the town.
  The town became the heart of society. It
  determined how the land was settled and how
  people were governed.
• Puritans believed God had entered into a covenant
  with humans that allowed them to gain salvation.
• As a result they believed that groups of
  Christians should come together to form church
  covenants.

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A. Town Meetings

• Town meetings were held to discuss local problems
  and issues.
• Anyone could attend and give his/her opinion, but
  only men who had been granted land by the town
  was allowed to vote.
• Town meetings were important because it
  established that the settlers could govern
  themselves.

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B. Puritan Society

• Puritans houses were located close to church so
  they never could have an excuse to miss Sunday
  worship.
• Puritan law banned Those infamous Games of Cards
  and Dice because of the lottery which is in
  them. Also frowned upon Stage-Players and Mixed
  Dancing

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• Puritan society focused on the moral welfare of
  their neighbors. Called it Holy Watching or
  doing the Lords work
• Puritans drank rum, enjoyed music, and liked to
  wear bright clothing that showed their wealth and
  position.
• Puritans worked hard. They believed God had made
  the world, and the things in it were to be
  enjoyed by people.

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Bellringer Copy down people in your Ch 3
Terms/People

• Phillis Wheatley slave girl who became a poet
  at age 8 she was brought to Boston. Had no formal
  education, was taken to England at 20, and
  published a book of poetry
• John Peter Zenger newspaper printer in 18th c.
  Used power of press to protest the royal governor
  and was put on trial for his act of treason.
  Was found innocent and this set the standard for
  democracy

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• Johnathan Edwards his sermons stirred a
  religious revolution, called the Great Awakening.
  Known for Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God
  sermon
• Benjamin Franklin Taught himself all subjects
  and 5 languages owned a printing and publishing
  co. in Philly. Studied electricity, invented
  bifocals, and was an important diplomat and
  eventually signed the Declaration of Independence
  and Constitution.

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• Paxton Boys group of Scots-Irish men living in
  the Appalachian hills that wanted protection from
  Indian attacks. They made an armed march on
  Philadelphia in 1764. They protested the lenient
  way that the Quakers treated the Indians.

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Salem and Witchcraft

• Devout Puritans believed Satan used witches to
  work evil in the world.
• In 1692 20 people were accused of being witches
  and executed in Salem, Massachusetts.
• Some who denied being witches were hanged. After
  the trials ended the girls admitted to making up
  the entire story

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O Christian Martyr Who for Truth could die When
all about thee Owned the hideous lie! The world,
redeemed from superstition's sway, Is breathing
freer for thy sake today. --Words written by
John Greenleaf Whittier and inscribed on a
monument marking the grave of Rebecca Nurse, one
of the condemned "witches" of Salem.
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Dr. William Griggs examines Betty Parris and
declares her possessed by the Devil.
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Trial of Rebecca Nurse
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Bridget Bishop "I am no witch.  I am
innocent. I know nothing of it."
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Elizabeth Howe "If it was the last moment I was
to live,God knows I am innocent..."
Rebecca Nurse "Oh Lord, help me! It is false. I
am clear. For my life now lies in your hands...."
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III. Trade and the Rise of Cities

• Triangular Trade
• Bills of exchange- credit slips English merchants
  gave the planters in exchange for their sugar.
• 3 way trade began with New England merchants,
  Caribbean colonies, and England

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• B. A New Urban Society
• Philadelphia-population of 23,000 people by 1760
  (largest city)
• Charles Town-pop. 8,000 (largest Southern city)
• Merchants were wealthiest group
• Artisans made up ½ of urban population
• At bottom were people without skills or property.

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• The development of cities led to overcrowding,
  crime, pollution, and epidemics.
• IV. Society in the Middle Colonies
• The Growth of Middle Colonies
• Sold wheat and flour
• Good geography-abundant rivers

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• B. The Wheat Boom
• Climate change-became warmer
• Arrival of immigrants? increase in wheat trade
• British government had restraints on goods that
  could be produced in the states
• Led to capitalist boom-people who had money to
  invest in new businesses