Total Touchdown

1
Total Touchdown

• A conceptual captology design by
• Ami Mehta, Melissa Cheung, and Yasu Kato

Design Challenge To create an interactive
palm-sized technology that motivates high school
junior football players to prepare for the SAT.
Time limit 10 hours
Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x
Persuasive Technology Education www.edu-tech.o
rg, www.captology.org
Total Touchdown Ami Mehta, Melissa Cheung, and
Yasu Kato Slide 1
2
Total Touchdown

• Persuasive Purpose
• To motivate high school junior football players
  to prepare for the SAT

Industrial Design

• FootPalm
• This football-shaped Palm carrying case is fit
  for any high school football player.
• It can holds a new PalmVIII as well as a PalmV
  and the m505 series. These are thin and have
  wireless connectivity to the Internet.
• It is ideal for people with hands that are larger
  than average
• This FootPalm has a built-in wireless antenna and
  communicates with the Palm via the Universal
  Connector.
• The Palm can be recharged without removing this
  case, if the Footbot cradle is used.

Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x
Persuasive Technology Education www.edu-tech.o
rg, www.captology.org
Total Touchdown Ami Mehta, Melissa Cheung, and
Yasu Kato Slide 2
3
User Description

• High school juniors who participate in sports.
  They
• Are upper to middle class
• Live in either urban or suburban setting
• Have a PC at home with internet connection
• Are male football players (target population for
  first release)
• Team Players
• Accustomed to working within a team dynamic
• Scenario 1 and 2 describe two typical male users
  on the high school football team.

Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x
Persuasive Technology Education www.edu-tech.o
rg, www.captology.org
Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x
Persuasive Technology Education www.edu-tech.o
rg, www.captology.org
Total Touchdown Ami Mehta, Melissa Cheung, and
Yasu Kato Slide 4
Total Touchdown Ami Metha, Melissa Cheung, and
Yasu Kato Slide 3
4
User Description

• Scenario 1 -- Meet Reggie Kennedy
• Reggie is very worried about taking the SAT He
• has a lot of familial pressure because his father
  and
• mother are both professors and have always
  stressed
• the importance of doing well in school. He is
  not sure he
• want to go onto college but he knows he needs to
  do
• well on the test.
• Reggie is a junior at Palo Alto High.
• He is also very committed to football.
• He doesnt know if he wants to go to college, he
  does want to please his parents and have the
  option of going on to higher education open to
  him.
• He is the star defensive lineman and spends a lot
  of time memorizing the playbook.
• He is also used to being on a team and receiving
  motivation from his teammates

Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x
Persuasive Technology Education www.edu-tech.o
rg, www.captology.org
Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x
Persuasive Technology Education www.edu-tech.o
rg, www.captology.org
Total Touchdown Ami Mehta, Melissa Cheung, and
Yasu Kato Slide 5
Total Touchdown Ami Metha, Melissa Cheung, and
Yasu Kato Slide 4
5
User Description

• Scenario 2 -- Meet Joe Smith
• Joe is very worried about taking the SAT
• He just doesnt think he has the time or the
• know-how to be successful.
• Joe is a junior at Palo Alto High.
• He is very committed to football.
• He has a strong desire to get into a Cal State
  University, known for their excellent football
  team, so that they can continue to play football
  and maybe get drafted for the NFL.
• Have has a very busy schedule from attending
  classes to being the captain of the football team
  to his social schedule.
• He is also used to being on a team and receiving
  motivation from his teammates

Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x
Persuasive Technology Education www.edu-tech.o
rg, www.captology.org
Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x
Persuasive Technology Education www.edu-tech.o
rg, www.captology.org
Total Touchdown Ami Mehta, Melissa Cheung, and
Yasu Kato Slide 6
Total Touchdown Ami Metha, Melissa Cheung, and
Yasu Kato Slide 5
6
The Total Touchdown Palm Pilot
Two High School football players, Joe and Reggie,
talk about the SAT.
Reggie shows Joe his new Footbot and
football-shaped handheld.
Reggie explains further the inner-workings of the
football-shaped handheld.
Dude, How are we gonna pass that test? I heard
Cal has a great team but you need to get at least
an 800 on the test, questions Joe. I know if I
dont pass, my parents are going to punt my butt
out of the house, remarked Reggie emphatically,
but my dad bought me some new techie toy to help
me on the SAT. Maybe we could get the whole team
involved? Yeah, I think Ive heard about this
thing. Someone told me we might be able to do
well on the test and make some money at the same
time! explains Joe.
Reggie explains to Joe, Heres my new footbot.
Not only does it help me to remember my plays but
it also has a SAT study helper. The palm pilot is
shaped like a football and the football dude
reminds me of when I need to study and quizzes me
on SAT homework questions. Wow, this is pretty
cool! Joe shouts.
It also allows you to find out how well the
competing schools are doing on their SAT practice
tests. In fact, you were right, the whole team
can compete against other teams based on average
scores for a wod of money. explains Reggie.
Now, youre talking my language, Joe
replies. Reggie also describes, You see the
interface looks like a football field and the
better our joint practice test scores, the closer
we get to their end zone. If we consistently do
better, we will get a Total Touchdown!
Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x
Persuasive Technology Education www.edu-tech.o
rg, www.captology.org
Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x
Persuasive Technology Education www.edu-tech.o
rg, www.captology.org
Total Touchdown Ami Mehta, Melissa Cheung, and
Yasu Kato Slide 7
Total Touchdown Ami Metha, Melissa Cheung, and
Yasu Kato Slide 6
7
The Studying Jocks
Joe uses the football-shaped handheld to see how
the team is doing against their biggest rival.
Joe and Reggie huddle around one computer to
study together with the Total Touchdown.
Reggie uses the Total Touchdown to see how he did
on the practice test last week.
Joe says, Hey Reggie, I never thought studying
could be fun. This footbot dude is pretty
cool! I know, my parents are going to be
psyched, replies Reggie.
Man, I cant believe we lost the game against
Cupertino High. I wonder if were at least
beating them in the SAT pool? The palms voice
system says, Your team has an average score of
1000 SAT study points and the competition is
behind with the average score of 860 SAT points.
If you guys continue at this rate, you are sure
to score a Total Touchdown on the SAT!
I wonder how I did on the test last week?
Reggie asks himself. You are in the 70th
percentile, congratulations on finishing your
first practice test! If you keep this up you
will definitely do well on the SAT. replies the
voice from the Total Touchdown Palm Pilot.
Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x
Persuasive Technology Education www.edu-tech.o
rg, www.captology.org
Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x
Persuasive Technology Education www.edu-tech.o
rg, www.captology.org
Total Touchdown Ami Mehta, Melissa Cheung, and
Yasu Kato Slide 8
Total Touchdown Ami Metha, Melissa Cheung, and
Yasu Kato Slide 7
8
Reggies one fine day
At home before going to school, Reggie hears a
reminder voice from FootPalm and checks his
todays schedule.
After class and before starting football
practice, Reggie checks the results of SAT Bowl.
Reggie studies SAT with SAT shortcuts and
integrated PC application.
Palo Alto is just barely ahead, says the
FootPalm. Youve got 3 weeks left. Better
study up. If you reach 900 by next week, you can
advance to the quarter files.
Reggie! Youve got a busy schedule today. Dont
forget to go to practice at 330, and make sure
you have time for your practice test tonight,
the FootBot reminds him.
Footbot says, Youve been doing pretty good.
Before starting the practice test, you should do
this algebra shortcuts. Youll get amazing score.
Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x
Persuasive Technology Education www.edu-tech.o
rg, www.captology.org
Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x
Persuasive Technology Education www.edu-tech.o
rg, www.captology.org
Total Touchdown Ami Mehta, Melissa Cheung, and
Yasu Kato Slide 9
Total Touchdown Ami Metha, Melissa Cheung, and
Yasu Kato Slide 7
9
Prototype of Total Touchdown

• The FootPalm is a intelligent football-shaped
  case for Palm users.
• The FootPalm contains several integrated
  functions to motivate students to study for the
  SAT.
• The included software provides fun ways for
  students to take practice tests.
• The software allows for a competition between
  schools.

• The software provides access to other
  applications of interest to football players.

Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x
Persuasive Technology Education www.edu-tech.o
rg, www.captology.org
Total Touchdown Ami Mehta, Melissa Cheung, and
Yasu Kato Slide 10
10
Prototype of Total Touchdown

• SAT shortcuts Palm application that teaches SAT
  shortcuts with built-in football interface and
  metaphors.

Rewards are not only based on the results of
daily SAT Shortcuts application, but also on the
frequency of taking SAT practice Test.
Students can learn strategies to get a higher
score of SAT, following the instructions of the
Total Touchdown system.
Students can visually recognize the average score
of their team and the rival team.
Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x
Persuasive Technology Education www.edu-tech.o
rg, www.captology.org
Total Touchdown Ami Mehta, Melissa Cheung, and
Yasu Kato Slide 11
11
Prototype of Total Touchdown

• Other integrated features with SAT Shortcuts

This application will help students to analyze
the football strategies.
This chart shows that which school is in which
position in the regional SAT tournament.
When each individual student has got a high score
in each game, he will receive a premium football
trading card.
Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x
Persuasive Technology Education www.edu-tech.o
rg, www.captology.org
Total Touchdown Ami Mehta, Melissa Cheung, and
Yasu Kato Slide 12
12
Prototype of Total Touchdown

• Footbot This football player-like cradle can
  move, sing, and throw a ball. When a user place a
  FootPalm on the Footbot and he has got a great
  score of the SAT practice test, itll play a
  celebration performance, which can be seen in a
  video clip below.

VIDEO CLIP
Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x
Persuasive Technology Education www.edu-tech.o
rg, www.captology.org
Total Touchdown Ami Mehta, Melissa Cheung, and
Yasu Kato Slide 13
13
Features/Functionality

• Wireless communication
• Students can exchange instant messages or chat
  each other.
• They can email each other or mentors, coaches,
  parents.
• Students can get updates of other teams SAT Team
  scores.
• College Information
• Through this system, students can access enough
  information about college (ranking of football
  team, availability of athlete/academic
  scholarship, and required SAT score, etc.)
• SAT
• SAT Shortcuts This application teaches SAT
  shortcuts to students. It has football-based
  interface and uses many football metaphors.
• SAT Practice Test Students can easily download
  practice tests and gets scores and feedbacks from
  their mentors after on-line submission.

Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x
Persuasive Technology Education www.edu-tech.o
rg, www.captology.org
Total Touchdown Ami Mehta, Melissa Cheung, and
Yasu Kato Slide 14
14
Features/Functionality

• Schedule management
• Students can integrate their football practice
  schedule with SAT learning hours. It helps to
  make a monthly/weekly/daily schedule and reminds
  a student of studying hours and assignments. It
  automatically modifies the students learning
  agenda based on the result of the practice tests.
• Up-to-date Feedback
• Students receive feedback and encouragement as
  they study and take practices tests. The FootBot
  does a celebration dance when a test is
  successfully completed.
• FootPalm provides a countdown until the SAT
  test day, using statistics about progress to
  motivate them.
• Footbot
• A cradle, whose shape looks like a football
  player robot.

Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x
Persuasive Technology Education www.edu-tech.o
rg, www.captology.org
Total Touchdown Ami Mehta, Melissa Cheung, and
Yasu Kato Slide 15
15
Theoretical Justifications

• Competition
• The SAT football game promotes competition among
  the same team members as well as the rival teams.
  According to the score, this game brings
  two-level incentives to students individual and
  team-based benefits.
• Reward
• Students will get more money for the team as they
  get good results of SAT bowl and practice tests.
• Students get immediate feedback of their weak
  points from the system.
• Students receive trading cards when completing
  tests
• FootBot offers encouragement in studying as well
  as football practice.

Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x
Persuasive Technology Education www.edu-tech.o
rg, www.captology.org
Total Touchdown Ami Mehta, Melissa Cheung, and
Yasu Kato Slide 16
16
Theoretical Justifications, continued

• Commitment
• Students make a promise with other students to
  keep up their SAT scores, so they may win the SAT
  bowl.
• Reduction
• SAT Shortcuts promises to teach the shortest
  way to get better score of SAT in two months.
• Channeling
• Students are provided with useful football tools,
  such as being able to analyze strategies from
  their play books. By creating an environment in
  which students already use the FootPalm, they may
  be persuaded to also use it for studying.

Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x
Persuasive Technology Education www.edu-tech.o
rg, www.captology.org
Total Touchdown Ami Mehta, Melissa Cheung, and
Yasu Kato Slide 17
17
Results of User Testing

• User -- 30 year old ex-high school football
  player.
• -- took the SAT
• Would like to
• see more pictures of
• - famous football players
• - cheerleaders
• - famous college coaches
• be able to trade football cards
• have my own personal number on the footbot
• football related topics correlated with SAT
  heuristics

Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x
Persuasive Technology Education www.edu-tech.o
rg, www.captology.org
Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x
Persuasive Technology Education www.edu-tech.o
rg, www.captology.org
Total Touchdown Ami Mehta, Melissa Cheung, and
Yasu Kato Slide 18
Total Touchdown Ami Metha, Melissa Cheung, and
Yasu Kato Slide 8
18
Results of User Testing

• The interface should look rough and tough not
  cutie. I would already feel like a sissy because
  I needed help studying for the test. This
  particular picture looks like a cabbage patch
  doll.
• If everyones going to know my score, I wouldnt
  be a part of it. I dont mind if the scores are
  aggregated.
• I would give away the SAT study pool of money to
  a good cause like getting new equipment for the
  team or a gift for the locker room.
• On the football team, some people were into
  music, some were just into sports. In response
  to the MP3 player as a feature
• When I first saw this picture, I thought it
  would be cool to be able to use a handheld to
  memorize my plays.
• It would be cool to have challenge bowls and SAT
  study ladders against neighboring schools
• Make the handheld extra-sturdy because I would
  probably drop it a lot.
• I dont think I would use it for scheduling.

Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x
Persuasive Technology Education www.edu-tech.o
rg, www.captology.org
Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x
Persuasive Technology Education www.edu-tech.o
rg, www.captology.org
Total Touchdown Ami Mehta, Melissa Cheung, and
Yasu Kato Slide 19
Total Touchdown Ami Metha, Melissa Cheung, and
Yasu Kato Slide 9
19
Shortcomings of Design

• Aims only at short term behavior change does not
  address change in attitude about education or SAT
• Requires up front commitment from multiple
  parties
• Individuals on team must all agree to use Total
  Touchdown!
• Coach or parents must agree to monitor use
• Other team or school must agree to also use
  program
• May foster bad betting habits
• May foster excessive competition with other
  school or teams

Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x
Persuasive Technology Education www.edu-tech.o
rg, www.captology.org
Total Touchdown Ami Mehta, Melissa Cheung, and
Yasu Kato Slide 20
20
Expansion - What else is possible?

• Other form factors or ID possibilities
• This application can be applied for other sports
  Baseball, Basketball, Hockey, Soccer, etc
• Students parents, coaches, or teachers can
  supervise the performance and track students
  progress.
• Other features and interactions
• Footbot can be integrated into Robot football
  game. Team mates can form a footbot team. Each
  Footbot can communicate each other and compete a
  rival team. The functionalities and performance
  of each footbot is based on the results of
  owners SAT game. This is appealing to students,
  who are also thinking about their academic
  achievement in college beyond athletes. Robotics
  is one of the best promising fields to study.

Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x
Persuasive Technology Education www.edu-tech.o
rg, www.captology.org
Total Touchdown Ami Mehta, Melissa Cheung, and
Yasu Kato Slide 21
21
Next Steps in Design Process

• Fine turn reward structures for individuals
• Fine turn reward structures for teams
• Talk with coaches and parents to determine with
  whom the greatest persuasive power would be
• Explore other sports teams to see if similar
  issues of team support and competition hold true
• Build prototype
• Iterate

Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x
Persuasive Technology Education www.edu-tech.o
rg, www.captology.org
Total Touchdown Ami Mehta, Melissa Cheung, and
Yasu Kato Slide 22
22
Total Touchdown (Summary)

• Total Touchdown! encourages high school juniors
  on football teams to study for the SAT.
• It uses inter-team support to encourage studying
  with promise.
• It uses intra-team competition to encourage
  raising scores with rewards.
• It provides fun, football themed ways to study,
  and provides tools that user will find useful in
  football as well as studying.

Stanford University, Spring 2001 Ed 225x
Persuasive Technology Education www.edu-tech.o
rg, www.captology.org
Total Touchdown Ami Mehta, Melissa Cheung, and
Yasu Kato Slide 23