War Moves South and is Won

1
War Moves South and is Won

• Chapter 6, Sections 2-4

2
Victory at Saratoga

• Patriot victory _at_ Saratoga was turning point of
  war!
• General Burgoyne surrendered about 6,000 troops.
• General Henry Clinton replaced the resigning Gen.
  Howe.
• Franklin and France
• Served as ambassador to France for _________.
• Victory _at_ Saratoga convinced France to form
  alliance.
• Treaty of __________. (Feb. 1778)
• Pledged U.S. and France would become allies
  against Britain.
• France wanted revenge for losing the
  _____________ War.
• Other countries like Spain and the Dutch agreed
  to help U.S.
• Word of alliance didnt reach U.S. until spring
  of 1778.

3
Winter _at_ Valley Forge

• Washington set up camp _at_ Valley Forgeabout 20
  miles west of British stationed in Philadelphia.
• Arrived in December of 1777.
• Endured many hardships!!!
• 6 inches of snow had fallentemps dropped below
  freezing.
• Troops lacked proper shoes, coats, uniforms.
• Disease sickness broke outnearly 2000 died!
• Many Cont. Army soldiers deserted.
• Deserted--_______________________________________
  .
• April 1778Washington told troops of alliance
  w/France.
• Spirits rose and morale was boosted.

4
Winter at Valley Forge
5
Help from Overseas Privateers

• People like Marquis de Lafayette, Friedrich von
  Steuben, and Juan de Miralles joined Washington.
• Helped train soldiers raise money.
• Battles raged at sea British used its powerful
  navy to control waterways.
• Kept ships of Patriots allies from entering or
  leaving.
• Blockade--________________________________________
  .
• American attempt at forming a navy was
  ineffective.
• Privateers captured more British ships than
  American navy.
• Privateer--_______________________________________
  _.
• One American naval officer refused to give up
• __________________. Upon being asked to surrender
  . . .
• He replied, I have not yet begun to fight!

6
Bonhomme Richard vs. the Serapis

• Jones joined the Navy in 1775, commanded the
  Bonhomme Richard led raids near British Islands
• His biggest victory was against the British
  ship Serapis in 1779, larger with more firepower
  than the Bonhomme Richard
• During the battle, the Bonhomme Richard was
  severely damaged, and the British commander asked
  Jones if he wished to surrender. Jones replied,
  I have not yet begun to fight!
• Finally Jones defeated the Serapis after 3
  hours. Bonhomme Richard sank shortly after
  battle.

John Paul Jones
7
War Moves South

• British change their strategy to
• capturing the South. Launched an
• offensive attack!
• Rich tobacco and rice-growing colonies.
• More Loyalist support in the South.
• Gen. Henry ________ took over for Howe and sent
  3,500 British troops from NYC to capture
  Savannah, GA.
• Also captured ___________, South Carolina.
• Clinton went back to NYC and left Gen.
  ___________ in charge of British forces in the
  South.
• Cont. Congress sent Gen. Horatio Gates to face
  Cornwallis at Camden, SC.
• British won.
• Cornwallis found out land he conquered would be
  hard to control.
• Facing new kind of warfare.

General Charles Cornwallis
8
Guerrilla Warfare the Swamp FoxVictory _at_
Kings Mountain

• British received less Loyalist support than
  expected.
• Small Patriot forces attacked British through the
  countryside.
• They appeared suddenly to fight and then
  disappeared.
• Guerrilla Warfare--_______________________________
  _.
• Francis ___________ Marionsuccessful guerrilla
  leader.
• He was quick and smart
• British said, The devil himself couldnt catch
  Marion.
• Patriots won decisive victory at Kings Mountain.
• Nathanael Greene replaced Gates as commander of
  Cont. army in South.
• Won key victories at Cowpens and Guilford
  Courthouse.

9
British Retreat and Victory _at_ Yorktown

• British loss at Guilford Courthouse makes
  Cornwallis give the South to the Patriots.
• Decides to invade Virginia instead.
• Sets up camp in __________.
• Autumn of 1780, Washington camped outside of NYC,
  waiting for second fleet of French ships.
• Was going to attack British in NYC when ships
  arrived.
• Had to wait 1 year for ships.
• French fleet set sail in summer of 1781.
• Washington knew Cornwallis was being kept on
  peninsula of Yorktown.
• Washington learned ______ fleet was heading for
  Chesapeake Bay, instead of NYC.

10
Change of PlansVictory _at_ Saratoga

• Washingtons secret plans
• Marched 200 miles in 15 days to Virginia.
• Lafayettes, Washingtons, and Rochambeaus army
  went to Yorktown.
• Admiral De Grasse commanded French fleet outside
  of Yorktown to prevent escape by sea by
  _____________.
• By September, over 17,000 American/French troops
  trapped Cornwalliss 9,700 British/Hessian
  forces.
• General Clinton in NYC heard too late and could
  not help Cornwallis.
• October 9, _____--Cornwallis surrendered.
• Patriots win Battle of Yorktown!!!

11
Cornwallis surrender
12
Independence Treaty of Paris

• More fighting took place, but British believed
  war was too costly.
• Congress ratified treaty, and final
  ______________ was signed in September 1783.
• Document recognized United States as an
  independent nation.
• Ratify--___________________________.
• Importance of Treaty of Alliance
• Lended U.S. money to help fund war.
• Clothed by the French.
• Given weapons.
• Paid soldiers wages.
• Trapped British sea escape.