The Civil War Begins

1
The Civil War Begins
What were the strengths and weakness of the North
and South of the Civil War? Who were some key
people of the war? How did the North and South
plan to win the war? What were some major
battles?
2
New President

• Abraham Lincoln is elected President of the
  Untied States. During the election, he had
  spoken out strongly against the spread of slavery
  and hoped that one day it would end.

3
Remain United

• Lincoln hoped to prevent a war. We are not
  enemies, but friends, Lincoln told Southerners
  after taking the oath of office. We must not
  be enemies. But time was running out.

4
South Carolina secedes

• Shortly after the election of Lincoln, South
  Carolina declared the United States of America
  is hereby dissolved and seceded from the Union.
  Six other states soon followed.

5
A New Country Formed

• Together these seven states formed a new country.
  They called the new country the Confederate
  States of America. They elected Jefferson Davis
  as President.

6
Border States

• Kentucky, Missouri, Maryland, and Delaware
  decided to remain in the Union

7
Fort Sumter

• President Lincoln received word that supplies
  were running out at Fort Sumter, located off the
  coast of South Carolina. If supplies did not
  come soon, they would have to surrender the fort
  to the Confederacy.

8
A Difficult Decision

• Lincoln had to make an important decision. He
  made the decision he thought would be best. He
  would send supplies ships to the fort. Then he
  waited to see what happened.

9
Jeffersons Response

• Now Jefferson Davis had to make a decision. He
  decided to attack the fort before the supply
  ships arrived. On April 12, 1861, Confederates
  fired on Fort Sumter.

10
The Outcome

• The Fort had to surrender after running out of
  food and ammunition
• The Civil War has started!

11
Strengths and Weakness

• With the person next to you, please make a list
  of strengths and weaknesses each side has?

12
Strengths and Weakness

• South
• Strength
• Believed in fighting a war for independence and
  defending homeland
• Knew countryside better
• Weakness
• Economic weakness
• Few factories to produce weapons
• Few railroads to move troops and supplies

13
Strengths and Weakness

• North
• Strengths
• 4 X as many free citizens
• Lots of factories (90 of manufactured goods)
• 70 of railroad lines
• Strong navy
• Weakness
• Had to conquer large area of land in south
• Unfamiliar with land

14
Union Plans

• Blockaded Southern ports
• East Capture Richmond Virginia Confederate
  capital
• West seize control of Mississippi

15
Confederate Plans

• Fight until the Northern got tired of fighting
  and gave up
• Defensive war

16
The leaders of the Civil War
17
Frederick Douglass

• He was born 1817 and died Feb. 20, 1895.
• The black American was one of the most eminent
  human-rights leaders of the 19th century.
• His oratorical and literary brilliance thrust him
  into the forefront of the U.S. Abolition
  movement.
• He became the first black citizen to hold high
  rank in the U.S. government.

18
Frederick Douglass

• During the Civil War (1861-65) he became a
  consultant to President Lincoln, advocating that
  former slaves be armed for the North and that the
  war be made a direct confrontation against
  slavery.

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19
Clara Barton

• By the end of the Civil war, Barton had performed
  most of the services that would later be
  associated with the American Red Cross, which she
  founded in 1881.
• In 1904 she resigned as head of that
  organization, retiring to her home at Glen Echo,
  outside Washington.

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vTI6tKwx7DEUfeature
  related

20
Chief Justice Roger Taney1777-1864

• As Andrew Jackson's attorney general, Taney
  helped close down the Second Bank of the United
  States, bringing him in direct conflict with
  powerful leaders of the Senate, including Daniel
  Webster and Henry Clay.
• Despite their opposition, in 1837 Jackson
  rewarded Taney by naming him chief justice of the
  Supreme Court.

21
Chief Justice Roger Taney

• In 1857, he ruled that the Constitution did not
  recognize the citizenship of an African American
  who had been born a slave.
• This decision sparked bitter opposition from
  northern politicians and a heated defense from
  the South.
• It was one of the most important events leading
  up to war.

22
Abraham Lincoln

• He was born Feb. 12, 1809.
• In 1858 Lincoln ran against Stephen A. Douglas
  for Senator. He lost the election, but in
  debating with Douglas he gained a national
  reputation that won him the Republican nomination
  for President in 1860.

23
Abraham Lincoln

• As a commander in chief Lincoln was soon noted
  for vigorous measures, sometimes at odds with the
  Constitution and often at odds with the ideas of
  his military commanders.
• Lincoln's achievements--saving the Union and
  freeing the slaves--and his martyrdom just at the
  war's end assured his continuing fame.

• America the Story of Us Lincoln

24
Ulysses S. Grant (Union)

• Late in the administration of Andrew Johnson,
  General Ulysses S. Grant quarreled with the
  President and aligned himself with the Radical
  Republicans.
• He was, as the symbol of Union victory during the
  Civil War, their logical candidate for President
  in 1868.

25
Ulysses S. Grant

• Lincoln appointed him General-in-Chief in March
  1864. Grant directed Sherman to drive through the
  South while he himself, with the Army of the
  Potomac, pinned down Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army of
  Northern Virginia.
• Finally, on April 9, 1865, at Appomattox Court
  House, Lee surrendered. Grant wrote out
  magnanimous terms of surrender that would prevent
  treason trials.

26
Robert E. Lee (Confederate)

• Politically, Robert E. Lee was a Whig.
  Ironically, he was attached strongly to the Union
  and to the Constitution. He entertained no
  special sympathy for slavery.
• On April 9, 1865, Lee surrendered to Ulysses S.
  Grant at the village of Appomattox Court House.

27
Jefferson Davis

• President of the Confederate States of America
• Davis failed to raise sufficient money to fight
  the American Civil War and could not obtain
  recognition and help for the Confederacy from
  foreign governments.