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Post Modernism
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Postmodern pOs(t)-'mä-drn, -'mä-d(-)rn

• Function adjective1 of, relating to, or
  being an era after a modern one ltpostmodern
  timesgt lta postmodern metropolisgt
• 2 a of, relating to, or being any of various
  movements in reaction to modernism that are
  typically characterized by a return to
  traditional materials and forms (as in
  architecture) or by ironic self-reference and
  absurdity (as in literature)
• b of, relating to, or being a theory that
  involves a radical reappraisal of modern
  assumptions about culture, identity, history, or
  language ltpostmodern feminismgt
• - postmodernism /-dr-"ni-zm/ noun -
  postmodernist /-nist/ adjective or noun -
  postmodernity /-m-'dr-ne-tE, -mä- also
  -'der-/ noun
• Source www.m-w.com

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Background

• Critics cannot agree on the definition of
  postmodernism
• Blending of different genres
• No specific boundary to define anything
• Started with Sassure (linguistics langue versus
  parole)

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Modernity vs. Post Modernity
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Modernity vs. Post Modernity
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Uses and Applications

• Language
• Literature
• Architecture
• Art
• Music
• Film and Television
• Philosophy
• Post Modern Feminism
• Politics
• Religion

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Language

• Barthes, Roland (1915-1980) FrenchLiterary and
  cultural critic, he produced studies on
  everything from photography to national
  monuments. Works include Writing Degree Zero, The
  Pleasure of the Text, and Elements of Sociology.
  Key ideas the 'death of the author', the text as
  "perpetually interweaving", contributions in the
  area of semiology, blurred the distinctions
  between literature and literary criticism.
• Saussure, Ferdinand de (1857-1913)
  SwissProfessor of linguistics at the University
  of Geneva, influential in his study of the
  relationship between language as grammar and
  language as speech, and his discussions
  concerning sign and symbol. His notes were
  published posthumously as Course in General
  Linguistics. Key ideas include structural
  linguistics, signifiers, signs and symbols.
• Lacan, Jacques (1901-1981) FrenchPsychoanalyst
  and founder of the Freudian School in Paris,
  major contributor to the theories associated with
  language and post-structural analysis. Works
  include Ecrits ('Writings') and collections of
  his lectures. Key ideas structural linguistics.
  the unconscious mind.
• Wittgenstein, Ludwig (1889-1951) Austrian-born
  BritishPhilosopher and author of Tractatus
  Logico-Philosophicus, the Blue and Brown Books,
  and Philosophical Investigations. Introduced the
  idea of 'language games.' Additional key ideas
  truth in context, language and meaning, rules and
  following rules.

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Literature

• Barthes, Roland
• Baudrillard, Jean
• Derrida, Jacques
• Cixous, Helene
• Byatt, A.S.
• Eco, Umberto
• Burroughs, William

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PoMo Architecture

• Whimsical, unique, and surprising just like the
  artwork.
• Qualities of Post Modern House (Vanna Venturi
  House)
• Sense of "anything goes" Forms filled with
  humor, irony, ambiguity, contradiction
• Juxtaposition of styles Blend of traditional,
  contemporary, and newly-invented forms
• Exaggerated or abstract traditional detailing
• Local materials and traditions are not
  necessarily used or considered

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Art

• Nam June Paik (science into art other pieces
  available at LACMA) Techno Buddha

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Art

• Stephen Taylor Woodrow (performance becomes
  visual art) The Living Paintings

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Music

• Rock
• Mogwai, Tortoise, Sigur Ros, Cocteau Twins, Hugo
  Largo, Mono
• Hip Hop/Dance
• DJ Sadow, Q-Bert and Mixmaster Mike of the
  Invisibl Skratch Piklz, DJ Spooky and Cut Chemist
  
• Avante Garde/World Music
• Laurie Anderson
• Aria Series (blend of techno beats with Classical
  Opera arias)
• Jazz
• Free Jazz (ie. Miles Davis Bitches Brew album)

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Film and Television

• Horror Films
• Niche Programming (such as Extreme Makeover,
  Project Runway)
• Art House Films
• Memento
• Possession
• Angels and Insects
• What The Bleep Do We Know?

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Philosophy

• Derrida, Jacques (1930- ) FrenchProfessor of
  philosophy at Paris' Ecole Normale Superieure.
  Credited with originating the 'deconstruction'
  school of literary criticism. Works include
  Aporias, Of Spirit, Of Grammatology, and Speech
  and Phenomenon. Key ideas original terms include
  'differance' and the 'trace', "we must re-read,
  and we must re-read differently," the fallacy of
  logocentrism, the 'metaphysics of presence'.
• Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1770-1831)
  GermanPhilosopher and instructor in philosophy,
  authored The Phenomenology of Mind, Science of
  Logic, built upon Kant's ideas and greatly
  influenced Karl Marx. Key ideas the complex
  whole is referred to as "the Absolute," an
  emphasis on the logical, the nature of Reality is
  found in the "dialectic," the triad of thesis,
  antithesis, and synthesis, and the marriage of
  philosophy and history.
• Heidegger, Martin (1889-1976) GermanExistentialis
  t philosopher, wrote extensively concerning the
  concept of 'Being' Being and Time, The Question
  of Being, On Time and Being, and The Essence of
  Reasons, among many other works. Great influence
  on the work of Jacques Derrida. Key ideas modern
  metaphysics, the question of Being, fundamental
  ontology, angst, 'Dasein'.
• Husserl, Edmund (1859-1938) GermanFounder of the
  phenomenology school of philosophy. Works include
  Ideas General Introduction to Pure
  Phenomenology. Heidegger's predecessor and
  teacher, his key ideas include what he called
  "the logic of presence," context, expression,
  consciousness and meaning.

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Philosophy

• Kant, Immanuel (1724-1804) GermanPivotal and
  highly influential philosopher whose Critique of
  Pure Reason and Critique of Practical Reason
  marked an end to what had come before and
  established the basis for much of the discussion
  that continued well into the twentieth century.
  Key ideas the impact of interpretation, the
  noumenal world, the individual and the universal.
• Kierkegaard, Soren (1813-1855) DanishRegarded by
  some as the founder of existentialism. his works
  include Either/Or, Fear and Trembling, and The
  Concept of Dread. His key ideas include the
  following the individual and individual choice,
  a high view of Christian commitment, three
  stages-- the aesthetic, the religious, and the
  ethical.
• Lyotard, Jean-Francois (1924-1998) FrenchFormer
  professor of philosophy at the University of
  Paris-Vincennes. Responsible for introducing the
  term postmodernism into philosophical discussion.
  Works include The Postmodern Condition A Report
  on Knowledge and The Postmodern Explained. Key
  ideas the collapse of metanarratives,
  legitimation, the postmodern age.
• Nietzsche, Friedrich (1844-1900) GermanHighly
  influential philosopher, writer, and critic of
  organized Christianity, his works have greatly
  shaped all those that follow and include Thus
  Spake Zarathustra, Beyond Good and Evil,
  Antichrist, Ecce Homo, The Genealogy of Morals,
  and Twilight of the Idols. Key ideas the
  Superman, the will to power, dynamic reality,
  "God is dead," nihilism, the failure of science
  and technology.
• Rorty, Richard (1931 -) AmericanProfessor of
  Humanities at Stanford University and author of
  such works as Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature
  and Consequences of Pragmatism. Follows somewhat
  the ideas of John Dewey with the following key
  thoughts pragmatism, nonessentialism, absence of
  foundations, the 'correspondence theory of
  truth'.

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Post Modern Feminism

• How is it different from earlier feminist
  philosophy?
• Feminism Female centered
• Post Modern Feminism Blend of Pragmatics,
  looking for middle ground, attempt at defining
  the blurring of gender lines/definitions

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Politics

• History/Politics
• Baudrillard, Jean (1929- ) FrenchSocial critic
  and sociologist, he is author of America and Cool
  Memories. In The Truth about the Truth, Anderson
  makes the following statement "This is
  Baudrillard's version of postmodernity--in which
  there is no connection whatever between an image
  and any nonhuman truth. The image, for all
  practical purposes, is reality." (14) Key ideas
  simulations, images.Foucault, Michel
  (1926-1984) French Cultural historian who
  preferred the term "archaeologist of knowledge."
  Nietzschean disciple, he authored Madness and
  Civilization, and the three-volume History of
  Sexuality. Key ideas the specific above the
  general, complexity, the myth of history,
  knowledge as power, discourse and language.
• Current Events and how are they defined?
• 9/11
• Terrorism
• Middle East

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Religion New Ageism

• New Ageism
• Unification of different religious philosophies
• Getting back to nature
• Christ consciousness

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To Be or NOT To Be???

• Pros
• Whatever goes since there is no definition of how
  to be
• Post Modernism can be seen as trendy since many
  artists are doing it
• Great excuse if you cannot explain your product
  by calling it PoMo

• Cons
• Can be quite confusing if you do not have or know
  your foundation
• Products of Post Modernism can be hard to
  categorize

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Sources for Presentation

• www.m-w.com (definition of postmodernism)
• www.wikipedia.com (postmodernism)
• http//www.freewaybr.com/pomoessay.htm
• http//www.georgetown.edu/faculty/irvinem/technocu
  lture/pomo.html
• http//www.eyeconart.net/history/postmodern.htm
• http//www.jahsonic.com/PostmodernMusic.html
• http//architecture.about.com/library/bl-postmoder
  n.htm
• http//www.fas.org/irp/news/1996/pomo-terror.htm
• http//uwacadweb.uwyo.edu/RED_FEATHER/critreligion
  /critreligion.html

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Links of Interest

• http//www.freewaybr.com/pomoessay.htm
  (background on Post Modernism)
• http//www.wsu.edu8080/amerstu/573/authors.html
  (covers American Post Modernism)
• http//www.jahsonic.com/PostmodernMusic.html
  (Post Modern Music)
• http//www.eyeconart.net/history/postmodern.htm
  (art link)
• http//www.imageandnarrative.be/uncanny/bartvander
  straeten.htm (architecture)
• http//www.louisville.edu/kkyoch01/annobib.html
  (film, television, and movies)
• http//www.fas.org/irp/news/1996/pomo-terror.htm
  (terrorism)
• http//www.press.uchicago.edu/books/derrida/derrid
  a911.html (Derrida on Terrorism and September
  11)
• http//uwacadweb.uwyo.edu/RED_FEATHER/critreligion
  /critreligion.html (post modern sociology of
  religion)

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