Title: Telecommunications in Education: Examining Distributed Teaching and Learning Environments (EDER 677 L.91 ) Sept 19 Topics: Information Literacy
1Telecommunications in Education Examining
Distributed Teaching and Learning Environments
(EDER 677 L.91 )Sept 19 TopicsInformation
LiteracyWWW Tools and Design
PrinciplesGraphics for the Audiographic
Conferencefrom Calgary, September 26
2Agenda
- Housekeeping
- Note Course Home Page Additions to
http//www.ucalgary.ca/ekowch/677/677home.html - Assignments / Evaluation Guides
- Please form your collaborative groups by Tuesday,
Oct. 1 and email me your preferred topic/date and
the names of people in your group - Ill book
you in on a first come, first serve basis (from
my WebCT email) - 1. Information Literacy Getting resources from
the Web into your Course - We will explore and demonstrate the range of
resources and information on the WWW and offer
tips about accessing them. - Search Tips
- Resource Gold Mines
- Peer Reviewed articles, and Journals
- 2. Authoring Web Tools and Design Principles
- An overview of very basic tools and page / site
design principles - A review of construction tools
- Export applications
- Editors (code vs. wsiwig)
- Course management tools (like WebCT)
- Getting files on the net web hosting and
transfer protocols
3Housekeeping.. New notables
- A review of the Assignments, Evaluation, guides,
etc - Please form your assignment groups and email the
dates/names to Gene by Oct 1st, please. - A New 677 Café (Chat) feature in your WebCT space
- another channel for communication
4Review Assignments / Deliverables
- A publishable paper (25) Due Oct 17
- Participation (20) Ongoing
- Personal Distributed Learning (PDL) Portfolio
(30) Due Dec 5 - Including
- A personal narrative explaining your ideal PDL
with - Summary of your text discussion facilitation
- An Interpretation of that experience
- Summary and Analysis of your audiographic
conference facilitation - Collaborative (teaching online) proposal
(5) Due Oct 3 - Your online project - a teaching
environment (20) Due Dec 3
5Information Literacy
6Information Literacy
- Defining Literacy
- literacy n
- 1. the ability to read and write to a competent
level - 2. knowledge of or training in a particular
subject or area of activity - (OED, 2002)
- The text for a CMC Online course can by
anything from sounds to images to text! How do
we write online? Distributed Learning CMC
channels are highly mediated, and you get to
design everything! We use sounds, images and
text. This means we need to be able to design a
message (recall SMCR) so the learning objective
is accomplished. We need be knowledgeable about
how to get/reference online resources and how to
create online learning environments. This is
Instructional Design. - First, we need to know how to find online
messages
7The Three Ls of Searching
- Language use specific terms, and appropriate
terminology for best results. Searching by
phrases can be useful, as can paying attention to
Capital Letters, and using wild cards. - Logic Read the help files for a particular
search engine to determine how to translate
Search logic into the particular dialect of the
tool youre using e.g. Boolean, s and s,
all/any of these terms, etc - Limiting Limit searching to a particular field
title to find the good stuff fast image to
find the images or URL/domain to restrict to
specific kinds of web pages
8Search Engines vs. Subject Guides
- Search Engines are good for specific
information, images, names etc. The indexes are
updated monthly. - Subject Guides are better for exploring whats
available on more general topics or subjects.
Start here, and narrow topics down. -
9Search Engines
- Northern Light http//www.northernlight.com
- Tip Use as a wildcard e.g. instruct for
instructors, instruction, instructional - Google http//www.google.com
- Tip Use allintitle to limit the title use
inurl to limit to a type of site - Tip Use this site to find images only, or Canada
- only content. - Altavista Canada http//altavista.ca
- Tip Search here to limit your search to
Canadian sites - Tip some High school students are up on the
latest and best search engine tactics (search
engines are like VCRs, it seems)
10Subject Guides
- Library of Congress Subjects Search
(fantastic) - http//www.loc.gov/
- About.com
- http//www.about.com
- National Library of Canada
- http//www.nlc-bnc.ca/caninfo/ecaninfo.htm
- MRC Library Internet Subject Guides
- http//www.mtroyal.ab.ca/library/Subguide/libsubgu
ide.htm
11Here are a few of my favorite resource links.
Check them out when you have a moment
- http//aera-cr.ed.asu.edu/links.html
- http//aera-cr.ed.asu.edu/links.html
- http//www.dlrn.org/
- http//cleo.murdoch.edu.au/gen/aset/edtech_pubs.ht
ml - http//www.nla.gov.au/ajol/
- http//ednet.edc.gov.ab.ca/ict/
- http//www.cln.org/
- http//www.pbs.org/teachersource/
- http//www.plato.com/
12Evaluating the Information / Resource
- Check the address for clues - edu/org/com
Academic Sites - Check types of domains at http//www.iana.org/gtld
/gtld.htm - Check geographical domains at http//www2.iana.org
/gtld/gtld.htm - Signed and dated is better than anonymous and
ageless - Validity is an issue Is the source Credible?
- Ask Why the site exists? (information/persuasion/a
dvertising) - Refereed Journals offer the best source of
information for academic work - Your library has an increasing array of online
journals - http//www.ucalgary.ca/cgi-bin/library/article.cgi
?databaselocal//ftp/Web/library/sfgate/dbs/dbinde
xmaxhits250brxxedu1directget1applicationli
braryxxtitleKeyEducationIndexesandAbstracts
13Creating Resources that can be found.. authoring
- Why some sites are easier to find than
othershidden labels or tags in code - ltTITLEgttags
- META tags
- What you can do to help people find your material
- watching the letter case in your tags - use the
sensible case (?) - why its important to sign and date pages
- How to find out who has linked to you (in
Northern Light) - linkhttp//your address
14Beyond Online Resources
- Now that I know how to support instruction, what
is the nature of the instruction that I will
create? - Think like an architect, then like a builder
- Think about Designing a learning environment
(your Online project will be such a construction)
15Instructional Design Considering SMCR as you
imagineand Build online Learning Environments
and Communities
- The effective principles of planning and
organizing teaching and learning - Concepts that are intuitively understood and used
by instructors every day - Use of technology or distance education requires
systematic and disciplined use of these
principles. - Here are great links to the ID models that you
will study in EDER 675 or 673 (with me!).. Just
for the curious - A Hypertext History of Instructional Design
- http//www.coe.uh.edu/courses/cuin6373/idhistory/i
ndex.html - Instructional Design Models
- http//carbon.cudenver.edu/mryder/itc_data/idmode
ls.html - Instructional Design Theories Site
- http//www.indiana.edu/idtheory/home.html
16One Instructional Development Model
17(some simplified) Key Stages in the ID process
to consider when developing Online Learning
Architecture
- Analysis Stage (hmm what am I into here?
Figuring out the needs of the learners and the
system that will deliver learning) - Analysis of the setting
- Analysis of the student needs
- Analysis of good practice / history
- Analysis of the expected learning outcomes from
this creation - Design Stage (creating plans for building the
space) - Interaction types Which mode is best to
achieve these outcomes? - What will the pacing be like?
- How will sync and async events form the learning
experience? - Which medium (computer) and applications might
work best for my objectives? - Which types of Web based learning activities
might accomplish the learning outcomes?
18The Early (pre) Analysis Stage
- What sort of beast am I looking at? Is this
online environment (and the web) right for my
teaching style and my students learning style? - A Learner (audience) Analysis will tell you.
- What kind of student learning do I want the web
to support? - Learning and Content Analysis will answer this
question.
19The Early (pre) Analysis Stage
- Where and how will my students be able to access
the web and its resources, access each other, and
access the instructor? - A Setting Analysis will help you answer this
question - What can the web do for me and my students?
- A Needs Analysis will help you answer this
question
20The Analysis Stage - Setting Analysis
- Where will my students be able to access the
web, each other, and the instructor? - a) From a classroom
- b) From one of the schools computer labs during
a scheduled lab period - c) From the school library or an open computer
lab - d) From home
- e) Other? (cost of online connections.. Etc).
21Analysis Stage - Setting
- How will I use the web with my students? Why use
the web? - Educational Models for the WWW
- a) For Self-directed learning - the WWW is used
as a stand alone learning tool for students (e.g.
online tutorials and quizzes) - b) For Distance or distribution - the WWW is used
only for dissemination of educational material to
distance students, such as course descriptions,
educational software - c) To Augmentation lecture - the WWW is used to
complement classroom based teaching (e.g.,
on-line communication tools, activities, lecture
notes, assessment features) - d) Virtual classroom - the WWW is used with
emphasis on collaboration and computer mediated
human interaction (good design/redesign is
critical) - e) What is the setting of the student? Have they
the technical and knowledge base to engage in
these resources? How much overhead will this be
to them? - f) Remember Online resources that you do not
author can move over time.
22Analysis Stage - Needs
- What institutional resources are available?
- Student support
- Financial support
- Workplace
- family
- Instructor support
- Technology/media support
23Analysis Stage - Needs
- Can the web be a catalyst to enrich and enhance
the learning experience for my students? - These folks say flexible, just in time resources
can empower learners - Seven Principles for Good Practice in
Undergraduate Education (Chickering and
Gamson, 1987) - http//www.hcc.hawaii.edu/intranet/committees/Fa
cDevCom/guidebk/teachtip/7princip.htm - Implementing the Seven Principles Technology as
a Lever (Chickering and Ehrmann,
1997)http//www.tltgroup.org/programs/seven.html
(you read this last week. Does it apply?)
yes? - Seven Principles of Effective Teaching A
Practical Lens for Evaluating Online Courses
(Graham, Cagiltay, Lim and Duffy 2001) It all
boils down to good teaching with a resource
resource librarians have been onto this for years
!! - http//horizon.unc.edu/TS/default.asp?showarticle
id839 - Whisper.. it can take more work to provide
online resources for students The needs and
capacity of the instructor are important too
24Analysis Stage - Needs
- Some Basic Principles of Good Practice that work
in all online environs. - In an online environment, learners generally
certain needs regarding instructional practice - 1. The environ encourages contacts between
students and teachers - 2. The environ develops reciprocity and
cooperation among students - 3. The situation employs active learning
techniques - 4. The environ / instructor gives prompt feedback
- 5. The instruction emphasizes time on task
- 6. The instructor communicates high expectations
- 7. The environ and instructor respect the diverse
talents and ways of learning - Are these online needs only? no.
25Analysis Stage - The Learner
- Learner Analysis - Knowing the learning
participants Guiding Questions - is my idea for an online environment age
appropriate? - Literacy levels matter, attention spans matter,
supervision needs, pacing - gender ratio - am I giving fair chance to both
voices? - am I to accommodate full-time vs. part time
learners - previous skills (computer literacy, independent
learning skills, ) previous education - what is the relevance of this area of study to
learners? - what are the known pre-requisites for this class
or course (, time, space, machines) - what infrastructure do the learners have
available Internet access ? Web space?
26Analysis Stage - The Learning
- Learning Analysis Student Learning and Outcomes
- Personal Teaching Goals Inventory (TGI) try
this with your students http//www.uiowa.edu/cen
teach/tgi/index.html - This tool offers the learner a Self-assessment of
instructional goals - b) Course or Program Specific Learning Outcomes
Know the objectives and ask Can the learners
achieve this? with adults, ask Is this relevant
or real? - c) One example MRC College-Wide Learning
Outcomes - - thinking skills - ethical reasoning
- - communication - group effectiveness
- information retrieval evaluation - computer
literacy - Corporate environments can have very clear
learning outcomes in mind. Designers match the
goals with learners and settings.
27Design Stage
- What are the potential pedagogical strengths of
a computer in the hands of a student, compared to
other utilities? - Visualization
- Communication -verbal, aural, textual
- Collaboration
- Organization
- Problem Solving
- Research
- Calculation
- "Doing it again thoughtfully
- Repetition
28Designing with the Web in mind Group Assignment
1
Breakout Session
- Case Situation
- Consider one university or K-12 course. You have
been asked to think about converting this
classical face to face course to an online
environment. You know you will need resources
from the web, because you cant afford the 40 -
300 /hr development cost to make your own
resource and put it on the web. What are the top
5 considerations you have in framing this
problem? - What are your ideas?
- Individual Think (take 1 minute to generate your
own list of ideas) Then I will connect you into
audiographic sub groups - In 4 Person Sub-Groups (take 5 minutes to compare
and add to your list) - Full Group (Take 10 minutes to generate a group
list) and place it on the whiteboard.
29Design Stage - Activities that work
- Web-based learning activities
- Posting instructional material to a common
place gives a sense of community - places to speak synchronously can build a sense
of community - Creating web based resource links for reference,
on a theme (grouping resources) - Multimedia Elements (movies, sound interactive
games, VR) help engage learners a lot. - Communication design
- E-mail
- Threaded discussion forums
- Chat rooms
- Interactive video forums
- Audioconference sessions
- Document sharing - living documents, chat,
email audiographic whiteboarding - Journals - personal or shared reflections aid
synthetic learning - Assessment opportunities - various, depending on
the situation.
30Where we are on the Agenda
- Housekeeping
- Course Home Page Additions to
http//www.ucalgary.ca/ekowch/677/677home.html - Assignments / Evaluation Guides
- Please form your collaborative groups by Tuesday,
Oct. 1 and email me your preferred topic/date and
the names of people in your group - Ill book
you in on a first come, first serve basis (from
my WebCT email) - 1. Information Literacy Getting resources from
the Web into your Course - We will explore and demonstrate the range of
reources and information on the WWW and offer
tips about accessing them. - Search Tips
- Resource Gold Mines
- Peer Reviewed articles, and Journals
- 2. Authoring Web Tools and Design Principles
- An overview of very basic tools and page / site
design principles - A review of construction tools
- Export applications
- Editors (code vs. wsiwig)
- Course management tools (like WebCT)
- Getting files on the net web hosting and
transfer protocols
31Now that weve got an idea of how to design for
WWW in our learningenvironment. How do we put
things on the WWW?And how do we make sure the
screen looks ok enough not to distract from
learning?
32Coming up..
Reference material Live Links
- 1. An overview of export tools, web editors and
course management tools - 2. Principles of screen design activity a
(take-home collaboration, done in Groups of
Three
33Student Portfolio Assignment
Reference material Live Links
- Lets take a look at the Course home page.. Its
all explained there. Thats where youll need to
put things on the web - http//www.ucalgary.ca/ekowch/677/677home.html
34Fear not, gentle reader
Reference material Live Links
- The creation of web materials is something that
we do in full courses, as with Instructional
design. - That said, we have experts in our class who can
help you learn simple Composer page creation, and
to ship your file to the acs server. - We have staff in the Doucette trained to help you
and they are wonderful. - I will set up a special Centra session for those
who need help on this lets see how this goes
(Leo has a presentation too). - Lets take a look at the following reference
materials first and see how it goes! Be patient,
there is help all around. I learned this mostly
from a fellow masterss student, who will always
be one of my heros!
35A simple concept -- we create a Web page as a
special format of file, And we place it where
the WWW can Get to it!
Drop your file onto A special server that
Connects to the WWW
The server deals with requests from the outside
world to see your file.
ftp
Create a page of stuff in Netscape composer Ie
Save as myportfolio.html on Your hard drive
The web carries only files of type .html Your
html files can contain pictures of type .gif or
.jpeg Or movies, or sounds
Reference material Live Links
36Web Editors and Course Management Tools
Reference material Live Links
- Key Concepts
- FTP Access
- Export Tools
- Web Editors
- Courseware Management Environments
- This section is borrowed and revised from Norm
Vaughan, with thanks. Norm taught this class last
year.
37FTP (file transfer protocol) Access.. First, you
need software that will ship things from your PC
to the server. Here it is
Reference material Live Links
- FTP Tools
- PC Computers - the software you can download
- WS_FTP Download Site
- http//www2.mtroyal.ab.ca/506LE.exe
- WS_FTP Tutorial
- http//www2.mtroyal.ab.ca/ftp/
- Apple Computers
- Fetch Softworks
- http//fetchsoftworks.com/
- or
- http//www.apple.com/downloads/macosx/internet_uti
lities/captainftp.html
38U of C - FTP Access - moving your files onto the
server
Reference material Live Links
- Using your FTP software (previous page ..
WS_FTP, WebSling, Fetch) you can ship files if
you access the server correctly her is how - Host Name ftp.acs.ucalgary.ca
- Host Type username
- UserID aix account (same as WebCT access)
- Password - aix account (same as WebCT access)
- Account (leave blank)
- If you are using IE the path will be
- ftp//username_at_ftp.acs.ucalgary.ca
- If you are using Netscape
- ftp//username_at_ftp.acs.ucalgary.ca/u/username
39U of C Web Site Address
Reference material Live Links
- http//www.ucalgary.ca/aixusername/
- Tips
- Be sure to copy files into your public_html
folder - Use of an index.htm file
- File names on the web are case sensitive and do
not accept spaces - Remember that graphic images (.gif, .jpg) are
linked not embedded in your html pages they
need to also be ftpd to the server - For permissions and other info refer to the
following site - http//www.ucalgary.ca/it/web/personal.html
40Export Tools
Reference material Live Links
- HTML Export Tools - Issues
- Examples - MS Word, MS Excel, Adobe Pagemaker,
Composer - Because of the nature of HTML, many of the Export
tools will produce pages with very inelegant HTML
code. Sometimes they produce code that is not
compatible across browsers. This makes a mess. - Export tools are useful in allowing a user to
re-purpose existing material onto the web. They
arent necessarily the right tool to use when
building a web page from scratch, but they are a
good start if you cant do HTML coding. - Westin Yoshimura is a genius at helping you with
Netscape Composer, and he can help you a lot -
(wyoshimu_at_ucalgary.ca) - Doucette Library call 403-220-6052
- While the exports are getting better, there will
probably always be a market for web editors,
tools designed specifically to author web pages.
41Export Tools
Reference material Live Links
- HTML Export Tools
- Microsoft Word will let you convert .doc .ppt
files to .html (it is tricky) - http//www.microsoft.com/
- Corel WordPerfect does the same for their word
processor product - http//www.corel.com/products/
- Adobe PageMaker does this too,
- http//www.adobe.com/prodindex/pagemaker/main.htm
l
42Web Editors
Reference material Live Links
- HTML - Code Editors
- Code Editors like HomeSite allow you to work
directly with the HTML code. They automate the
placement of code and assist in previewing the
pages. They save you having to remember all of
the different HTML codes and their various
modifiers. - In other words, you need to know a lot less about
web page making.. But this is still a lot more
involved than Composer and ftp -ing it to the
acs1 server. - Allaire Homesite
- http//www.allaire.com/Products/homesite/
43Web Editors
Reference material Live Links
- HTML - WYSIWYG Editors
- WYSIWYG (What-You-See-Is-What-You-Get) editors
like Macromedia Dreamweaver allow you to interact
with elements directly on the page in a graphical
manner, and produce the code behind the scenes. - We teach you this in higher edtec courses.
- Most WYSIWYG editors will also let you modify the
HTML code, and good ones will not try to correct
your modifications. - Other examples of WYSIWYG editors are Adobe
GoLive and Microsoft FrontPage.
44Web Editors
Reference material Live Links
- HTML - WYSIWYG Editors - Examples
- Adobe GoLive
- http//www.adobe.com/prodindex
- Netscape Communicator
- http//www.netscape.com
- Netscape Communicator Tutorials
- http//www.mtroyal.ab.ca/adc/workshops/biol/tutori
al.htm - Macromedia Dreamweaver
- http//www.macromedia.com/software/dreamweaver/
- Microsoft FrontPage
- http//www.microsoft.com/
- Reference Site http//www.atl.ualberta.ca/article
s/web/editorsummary.cfm
45Courseware Management and Development Environments
Reference material Live Links
- For the most part, HTML editors still assume some
understanding of how to structure a site, how the
files and directories that make up a site relate,
and how to build web page. - In contrast to these are a new breed of software
which we call Courseware management
environments - These are usually server side tools or servers
which allow instructors to build online course
materials without having to learning any html or
even WYSIWYG editing tools. - With these, sometimes dont have to know Composer
or HTML code. Just a lot of other stuff. - They usually provide some predetermined ways of
interacting with students (static web pages,
threaded discussions, chats, evaluations) and
ways of building content using only a web
browser, or at times some proprietary client
software.
46Courseware Management and Development Environments
Reference material Live Links
- Course Development Tools - Examples - Check these
out. - Blackboard CourseInfo
- http//www.blackboard.com
- Learning Space
- http//www.lotus.com/home.nsf/welcome/learnspace
- TopClass
- http//www.wbtsystems.com/
- The Learning Manager (TLM)
- http//www.thelearningmanager.com
- WebCT
- http//www.webct.com/
-
47Courseware Development Environments Online
examples of large online distributed learning
environments
Reference material Live Links
- Course Development Tools - References
- University of Pittsburgh
- http//www.pitt.edu/washburn/ccs.htm
- Course Management Discussion Board
- http//scrtec-ne2.unl.edu/wbc/
- Online Educational Delivery Applications
Comparisons http//www.ctt.bc.ca/landonline/
48Principles of Screen Design
- Making your information easy to see and learn is
essential. - There are many web sites to help you do this.
- The most important concept Clarity.
- Use white space, white backgrounds are best, and
make sure you can navigate back to home from
every page, so no one gets lost. - See the next page for excellent links on screen
design
49Screen Design Principles Resources
- A great primer on web page development
http//www2.mtroyal.ab.ca/7Envaughan/norm/webtool
sintro/v3_document.htm - The top ten mistakes we make when we begin making
web sites by Jacob Nelson - http//www.useit.com/alertbox/9605.html
- A place to learn more about web page creation - a
bit more involved - http//www.bignosebird.com/
- Free web page development software and the
ability to host your web site for free as well. - http//www.homestead.com/
- The U of Cs site for new web page makers..
Great stuff - http//www.acs.ucalgary.ca/smzess/htmlpage/htmlf
ram.htm - This site has been designed as a tutorial to
teach basic HTML programming to people with
little or no programming experience, who would
like to create their own web page http//www.ucalg
ary.ca/smzess/ - A nice step by step guide..
- http//www.cs.trinity.edu/7Ethicks/WebSiteDesign
/WebGuidelines.html - NAVIGATION
- How to build an easy to navigate site
(excellent) - http//www.sev.com.au/webzone/design/navigation.a
sp - Try these out, and surf to find more sites many
resources for this will be on the course home
pages soon, linked under this topic but these are
plenty!
50Principles of Screen Design (Exercise), Due for
next Class (for Oct 10th)
Reference material Live Links
- Theres no way to learn like practice! Team up
for this one with someone in the class. As long
as everyone has a partner, the size of the group
does not matter (this is where you should team
up with experts if you like, and share the work). - Review the page construction and navigation sites
on the previous page. - Before we meet on Oct 10, Create a web page where
you Include the two lists in the body of the web
page - List One Create a list of
- good design principles for personal home and/or
graduate student portfolio pages. - This list should include the elements that make a
pleasing home page and that invite continued
reading and exploration, and links to sample
sites. - List Two Create a list of
- Distance Learning Sites. This list should include
links to distance learning sites and - Some of your thoughts on what makes this a good
or bad learning site. - Please Send me the URL for your web page before
October 10th please, along with a list of who is
in your group. I will link your submission to the
class home page (via email)
51Things to do for the October 3 (WebCT) Class ,
Reference material Live Links
- Contribute to this weeks discussion thread
(Alfred is leader). - Please Email the audioconf. discussion
leadership group names and preferred dates to
Gene. - Readings (few!) Paloff and Pratt Pages 49 to
63 The Realities of Online Teaching. - Now is a great time to begin work on your web
based portfolio. - Keep an eye on the paper topic, keep emailing me
to check if you have questions, folks - Keep an eye on the Home page, the Oct 3 links
will be in at 7pm.
Things to do for the October 10 (WebCT) Class ,
- Do the Principles of Screen Design web page
exercise and email your group names and URL to me
before the 10th please. - See Course Home Page on Oct. 3rd
52Student Presentation Leo Skerry
- Web Page Construction
- September 26, 02