Lecture F

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Lecture F

• Mangroves

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Mangrove Swamps

• Between 30 N and 30 S
• Salt marshes take the place in temperate regions
  above or below 30
• 3 species of Mangroves
• Red Mangrove
• Black Mangrove
• White Mangrove
• Buttonwood

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Red Mangrove
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Red Mangrove

• Grows in water
• Prop roots stabilize
• Eliminate salt through glands
• Growth allows shoreline to expand because
  sediment is trapped in roots
• Viviparous seeds called propagules
• Leaves major contributor to detritus and base of
  food chain

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Red Mangrove

• Prop roots

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Red Mangrove

• Swampy water
• full of living things

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Leaves, other debris, and sediment get tangled in
prop roots
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Thick leathery leaves limit water loss to
transpiration.
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The seedling or propagule is almost 6 inches long
(l5 cm) and cigar-shaped
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As sediment builds, more plants (like black
mangrove) can take root in the soil.
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Red mangrove cant tolerate the sediment and new
trees grow farther out to sea.
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• Unlike most plants anaerobic sediments are not a
  problem and even assist in reducing competition.
  Lenticels and spongy tissue in roots and modified
  branches facilitates gaseous exchange.

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Black Mangroves
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Black Mangrove

• Grows near water
• Replace Red Mangroves when beach grows
• Have pneumatophores for O2 (pencil-like sticks up
  out of soil)
• Eliminate salt by pores on leaves (can see salt
  on underside of leaves)

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pneumatophores for O2 exchange
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The elliptical, green leaves approach lengths of
4 inches (10cm) and are often encrusted with
salt.
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Living in oxygen deprived sediment, more than
10,000 pneumatophores may be found on a single
tree.
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The propagules are approximately one inch (2-3cm)
long and lima bean shaped.
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White Mangrove
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White Mangrove

• Live inland
• Take over from black mangrove
• Hold the interior of islands
• Eliminate salt through 2 pores on petiole of stem

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Two glands are found at the base of each leaf at
the apex of the petiole.
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The white mangroves have small peg roots which
help anchor them in the sandy soil.
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• When growing in oxygen deprived sediment the
  White mangrove often develop peg roots which are
  similar to pneumatophores except they are shorter
  and more stout in appearance.

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Buttonwood trees
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Buttonwood leaves

• Its pointed leaves possess salt glands as
  openings alternating along the midrib on the
  underside of the leaf.

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• Rough bark exists on older trees which is often
  covered with epiphytes (plants which live on
  other plants).

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Rather than producing seedlings that germinate on
the parent tree, buttonwoods flower with the
formation of a button-like seed case
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Mangrove estuary near Key Largo
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Huchinson Island Mangrove estuary
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Near Marco Island
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• http//www.nhmi.org/mangroves/id.htm