Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic System

1
Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and
Lymphatic System

• Lecture 21
• Chapter 23

2
Introduction

• The Cardiovascular System
• Heart
• Blood
• Blood Vessels
• The Lymphatic System
• Lymph
• Lymphatic vessels
• ________ nodes
• Lymphoid organs

3
The Cardiovascular System
4
The Lymphatic System
5
The Relationship Between the Lymphatic and
Cardiovascular Systems

• Blood consists of ________ and ____________
• Fluid that filters out of capillaries into space
  between cells is interstitial fluid
• Interstitial fluid enters lymph capillaries and
  is called lymph
• Fluid is returned to blood via _________ vessels
• Lymph nodes contain fixed macrophages, B and T
  cells

6
Bacterial Diseases

• Growth of microorganisms in the blood is called
  ____________
• Signs include inflamed lymph vessels
  lymphangitis
• Septicemia can ? to septic shock
• Usually spreads from a focus of infection
  somewhere in the body
• Usually ______ rodssymptoms caused by
  _________________

7
Puerperal Sepsis

• Infection of the _________ following childbirth
• Strep.pyogenes is the usual cause
• Semmelweis and Oliver Wendell Holmes demonstrated
  caused by infected hands and instruments
• Uncommon now because of _______ and ______________

8
Bacterial Endocarditis(heart lining)

• Subacute form usually caused by alpha hemolytic
  strep, staph or some enterococci
• Infection usually arises from somewhere
  else-tooth extraction, even teeth cleaning, may
  be a source
• Symptoms include ________, _________ and heart
  __________
• Acute form is us.caused by Staph. aureus
• May cause _________ ____________ of the heart
  valves

9
Endocarditis
10
Rheumatic Fever

• Autoimmune course from certain strep infections
• Arthritis or inflammation of the heart-may be
  permanent damage
• Antibodies to the ________ react with antigen
  deposited in joints, heart valves or muscles and
  _____ ________ with heart muscle
• ___________ treatment of all strep infections
  reduces the risk
• Rheumatic fever is treated with anti-inflammatory
  drugs

11
Rheumatic nodule
12
Tularemia

• Reservoir is wild animals, esp.rabbits
• Handling live or dead animals, eating undercooked
  meat, or deer flies
• Disease caused by ________ _________
• Ulceration, then septicemia and pneumonia

13
Tularemia
14
Other Diseases

• Brucellosis Undulant Fever
• In US Elk and Bison are the reservoirs
• spread through minute cuts
• Fever that spikes each evening, and malaise
• Anthrax endospores can live up to __ _______ in
  soil
• Grazing animals infected by ingesting spores
• __________ and _______________ forms in humans
  from contacting infected hides

15
Anthrax pustule
16
Other Bacterial Diseases

• Gangrene soft tissue death from ischemia
• Microorganism grow on dead cells nutrients
• Gas _________ caused by C. perfringes
• Can invade the uterus in septic abortions
• Debridement, amputation, __________ chambers are
  used to treat gas gangrene

17
Gangrene
18
Hyberbaric chamber
19
Vector Transmitted Diseases

• Plague
• Yersinia pestis-transmitted by the rat flea
• European rats and NA rodents
• Signs skin bruises and __________ (enlarged
  lymph nodes)
• ______________ plague results from entry via
  lungs
• Antibiotics are effective if administered promptly

20
Plague
21
Bubonic plague- bubos
22
Vector Transmitted Disease

• Relapsing Fever
• Borrelia (a spirochete) transmitted by ticks
• Rodents are the reservoir
• Signs fever, jaundice, ______-________ spots

23
Lyme Disease

• Another Borrelia transmitted by a tick
• Prevalent on the _________ coast
• Deer and Field mice are the ___________

24
Lyme Disease
25
Lyme disease
26
Lyme
27
Lyme disease
28
Typhus

• Caused by Rickettsias-obligate intracellular
  parasites of eukaryotic ________cells
• Epidemic Typhus
• Human Body louse spreads in its feces
• Prevalent in crowded unsanitary living conditions
• Rash, prolonged high fever, stupor
• ___________ and choramphenicol

29
Typhus (cont.)

• Endemic Murine Typhus
• Less severe-transmitted by ___ ______
• Spotted fevers also caused by Rickettsias
• Transmitted by ticks cause tickborne typhus
• Again- effectively treated by tetracyclines and
  chloramphenicol

30
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
31
Spotted Fevers
32
Viral Diseases of the Cardiovascular and
Lymphatic Systems

• Burkitts Lymphoma
• caused by Epstein-Barr (EB) virus
• Also causes nasopharyngeal ____________
• Occurs in the immune compromised
• Malaria can cause immune weakening
• So can AIDS
• Infectious Mononucleosis
• Also caused by EB virus
• Virus multiplies in the _______ __________ glands
• Causes proliferation of atypical lymphocytes

33
A child with Burkitts Lymphoma
34
US prevalence of antibodies with age
35
Hemorrhagic Fevers

• Yellow Fever vector is _____________
• Fever, chills, headache, nausea, and jaundice
• No treatment, but a ___________ is available
• Dengue Fever vector is mosquito
• Fever, muscle and joint pain, rash
• Hemorrhagic form occurs when a person with
  antibodies is _____________
• Mosquito control is the key

36
Emerging Hemorrhagic Fevers

• Late 1960s
• Lassa, Marburg and Ebola viruses
• Lassa in rodents, Marburg in primates
• Ebola reservoir is ______________
• Hantavirus dried rodent urine contains the virus
• Found in ______________ ______________

37
Ebola virus coats a degenerating macrophage
38
Protozoal Diseases

• Chagas Disease _______________ transferred by
  the kissing bug
• Toxoplasmosis domestic cats release infective
  forms in feces (also can get in _________________
  meat)
• Dangerous to pregnant women as can damage the
  _____________
• us. Brain and vision damage

39
Trypanosoma cruzi (American) in blood
40
Toxoplasmosis
41
Protozoal Diseases

• ___________ the largest disease in the world
  today.
• Signs and symptoms chills fever,vomiting,headache
  , recurring in intervals of 2-3 days
• Causative agent is one of 4 species of Plasmodium
• Vector is the Anopheles _______________
• Diagnosis is by finding merozooites(stage) in the
  blood
• Vaccination is elusive
• Drugs chloroquine-becoming resistant
• New drugs being sought
• ________ ____________ is most effective treatment
  we have

42
Malaria
43
Malaria in the US
44
Protozoal Diseases

• Leishmania vector is a __________
• Disease is in the liver, spleen and kidneys
• _______________ compounds used in treatments

45
Leishmania
46
HELMINTHIC Diseases

• Schistosoma ________ __________
• Causes damage to veins of liver or urinary
  bladder
• Granulomas form in response to _______
• ________
• Chemotherapy, and control of _________
• Swimmers itch-wildfowl is host

47
Schistosoma
48
Schistosoma
49
Schistosome granuloma
50
Summary
51
Summary 2
52
Summary 3
53
Summary 4