Spain vs' the Netherlands

1
Spain vs. the Netherlands

• Feudal
• Agricultural Economy
• Dominated by nobility
• Roman Catholic
• Wealth from Conquest

• Urban
• Trade
• Powerful middle class
• Protestants
• Wealth from capitalism

2
Philip II of Spain

• Son of Charles V
• Intensely Catholic
• Recipient of wealth from the New World
• Defeated the Muslim Turks at the Battle of
  Lapanto (1571)
• 1580 annexed Portugal (and its overseas empire)

3
Background to The Dutch Revolt

• 1559 Margaret of Parma appointed to govern
• Aided by Cardinal Granvelle
• Granvelle sought to end all local authority of
  the provinces and establish religious (Catholic)
  unity.
• William of Nassau (Prince of Orange)
• A politique led the opposition to Granvelle

4
Background to The Dutch Revolt

• 1564 the Compromise
• Organized by Louis of Nassau

1566 Calvinists throughout the Netherlands riot
1567 the Duke of Alba sent to control events
-- Council of Blood established to govern
the Netherlands -- heretics
executed -- heavy sales tax imposed
5
The Dutch Revolt
William of Orange took control of the resistance
- enlisted the help of the Sea Beggars
1574 Don Luis de Requesens replaced Alba --
1576 carried out the Spanish Fury in Antwerp
1576 The Pacification of Ghent -- a union of 10
southern (Catholic) and 7 northern
(Protestant) provinces
6
The Dutch Revolt
1577 Union of Brussels last four provinces
joined
1577 the Perpetual Edict - Spanish troops were
to leave the Netherlands
1579 Southern Provinces formed the Union of
Arras -- made peace with Spain
1579 Union of Northern Provinces
7
The Dutch Revolt
1579 Philip II declared William of Orange an
outlaw
July 22, 1581 the Union of Utrecht declared
themselves independent of Philip II - William
insisted on religious toleration
1588 Spanish Armada destroyed by England

overextended their
resources 1590 Spanish sent troops into France
1609- Twelve Years Truce 1648 Peace of
Westphalia -- independence recognized by Spain