Psychoanalytic Perspective

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Psychoanalytic Perspective
Primitive Functioning Primary Process The Id
The id functions according to the purely
instinctive and unsocialized primary process.
Must have instant gratification.
The Ego The Reality Principle
In touch with reality. Works to integrate the
personality. Operates according to the Reality
Principle, understanding the limitations of the
real world. Delays gratification and generates
plans. This is known as Secondary Process.
Superego The Rules
The superego, is the internal representative of
the rules and restrictions of family and society.
Is primative, so the rules may not seem
adaptive. Uses guilt when act is contrary to the
rules.
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Intrapsychic Conflict
When the Id demands instant gratification and the
Superego imposes guilt if any pleasure is derived
from immoral impulses conflict results. The Ego
attempts to repress the unacceptable desires.
However, the conflict constantly pushes its way
towards consciusness. Because this conflict
represents pain, the psyche trys to keep in the
subconscious.
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Defense Mechanisms

• The ego uses Defense Mechanisms to resolve
  intrapsychic conflict
• Defense Mechanisms are used when direct
  expression of the id impulse is unacceptable to
  the superego.
• Defense Mechanisms begin with repression of
  unacceptable impulses.
• The ego dsiguises the unacceptable impulses into
  a variety of defense mechanisms
• These disguised impulses escape the retaliation
  (guilt) of the superego.
• In effect these defense mechanisms are a way for
  the id to sneek by and get satisfaction, though
  indirectly.
• Some defense mechanisms are more healthy than
  others

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Defense Mechanisms
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Defense Mechanisms
Other Defense Mechanisms
Defense Description Example
Intellectualization suppression Isolation
Creativity
avoiding unacceptable emotions by focusing on the
intellectual aspects pushing into the
unconscious thoughts related to some unpleasant
occurrence are disassociated from other
thinking The use of artistic expression as a
form of gratification
ocusing on the details of a funeral as opposed to
the sadness and grief trying to forget something
that causes you anxiety removal of photographs,
items, and memories of lost loved
one. Paintings that resemble genitalia
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Stages of Psychosexual Development
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Psychoanalytic Treatment
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Psychoanalytic Treatment
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Psychoanalysis
Free association A technique used in
psychoanalysis in which the patient allows
thoughts and feelings to emerge without trying to
organize or censor them. Interpretation A verbal
comment made by the analyst in response to the
patient's free association. It is intended to
help the patient gain new insights. Neurosis A
mental and emotional disorder that affects only
part of the personality and is accompanied by a
significantly less distorted perception of
reality than in psychosis. Regression The process
in which the patient reverts to earlier or less
mature feelings and behaviors. Therapeutic
alliance The working relationship between a
therapist and a patient that is necessary to the
success of therapy. Transference The process that
develops during psychoanalytic work during which
the patient redirects feelings about early life
figures toward the analyst. Countertransference Th
e process that develops during psychoanalytic
work during which the analyst redirects feelings
toward the patient, in terms of emotional
reactions. Catharsis therapeutic effect of a
release of emotion when previously repressed
material is made conscious Working through The
repeated testing of insights, which takes up most
of the work in psychoanalysis after the
therapeutic alliance has been formed.