Lecture 1: Revolution

1
Lecture 1 Revolution
2
Material causes of the American Revolution

• French and Indian War (1756-1763)

Massive debt
Taxation Stamp Act (1765) Tea Tax (1767)
3
Result of taxes and other policies

• Resentment
• No taxation without representation
• boycotts and tea parties

Boston Tea Party (1774)
4
Thomas PaineCommon Sense

• IN the following pages I offer nothing more than
  simple facts, plain arguments, and common sense
  and have no other preliminaries to settle with
  the reader, than that he will divest himself of
  prejudice . . .
• I have heard it asserted by some, that as America
  hath flourished under her former connexion with
  Great-Britain, that the same connexion is
  necessary towards her future happiness, and will
  always have the same effect. Nothing can be more
  fallacious than this kind of argument. We may as
  well assert that because a child has thrived upon
  milk, that it is never to have meat, or that the
  first twenty years of our lives is to become a
  precedent for the next twenty.
• O ye that love mankind! Ye that dare oppose, not
  only the tyranny, but the tyrant, stand forth!
  Every spot of the old world is overrun with
  oppression. Freedom hath been hunted round the
  globe. Asia, and Africa, have long expelled
  her.Europe regards her like a stranger, and
  England hath given her warning to depart. O!
  receive the fugitive, and prepare in time an
  asylum for mankind.

5
Diamonds theory of Revolution

• Revolutionary ideas
• John Lockes Second Treatisenatural rights,
  including that of rebellion
• Thomas Paines Common Senseagainst irrational
  tyranny
• People capable of leadership
• Tradition of self-governance and civic activism
• Longstanding grievance and some sparking
  events
• Concord and Lexington 1775

6
(No Transcript)
7
Second Continental Congress and Declaration of
Independence (1776)When in the Course of human
events, it becomes necessary for one people to
dissolve the political bands which have connected
them with another, and to assume among the powers
of the earth, the separate and equal station to
which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God
entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of
mankind requires that they should declare the
causes which impel them to the separation. We
hold these truths to be self-evident, that all
men are created equal, that they are endowed by
their Creator with certain unalienable Rights,
that among these are Life, Liberty and the
pursuit of Happiness. --That to secure these
rights, Governments are instituted among Men,
deriving their just powers from the consent of
the governed, --That whenever any Form of
Government becomes destructive of these ends, it
is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish
it, and to institute new Government, laying its
foundation on such principles and organizing its
powers in such form, as to them shall seem most
likely to effect their Safety and Happiness.
8
The meaning of the 1776--A war of Independence or
a Revolution?
Hannah Arendts view compared to France,
Russia, China--no revolution no class
antagonism, no social transformation
Gordon Woods view let loose profound social
transformation--p.8
9
Against the Textbook Version

• Perhaps 20-25 of Americans continued to be
  loyalists

10
Anglo Canada