Alexander the Great

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Alexander the Great
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Macedonian Conquest

• Macedonia
• N of Greece
• Looked down on by Greece
• Philip II 359 BC
• Brilliant general, politician
• 16X16 Phalanx
• Prepared to invade Greece

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Macedonian Conquest

• Greece Invaded
• Disorganized before invasion
• Put under Philips rule
• Retained self govt in local affairs
• Philip Assassinated 336 BC
• Alexander (20 yrs old) Proclaims himself king

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Alexander the Great

• Tutored by Aristotle, trained in battle
• Idolized Achilles
• Rebellion in Thebes
• Killed 6,000, others slaves
• Ended Gs ideas of rebellion
• Alex strong

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Alexander vs. Persia

• Greece secure, wanted Persia
• 334 BC leads 35,000 into Asia Minor
• 40,000 Persians Battle of Granicus
• Alexander success

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Alexander vs. Persia

• Darius III vows to crush Alex - Issus
• Raises huge army 50-75,000
• Alex outnumbered ? Charged anyway
• Darius Fled Controlled Anatolia
• Darius tries to negotiate
• Offers western 1/3 of empire
• Alex vows to conquer all

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Alexander vs. Persia

• In Egypt 332 BC
• Persian Territory
• Welcomed as liberator
• Crowned Pharaoh
• Alexandria

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Alexander vs. Persia

• Conquest of Persia
• Darius army of 250,000 (Chariots, knives)
• Battle of Gaugamela Phalanx, then cavalry
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• Darius flees, army collapses
• Battle ends Persian power
• Alex controls major cities

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Further Conquests

• Pursued Darius East
• Found murdered by Caspian Sea
• Continues east anyway More conquests
• Hydaspes River
• Indus Valley Powerful Indian Army
• Won big, morale low
• 11 yrs. 11,000 miles
• Reluctantly turns back

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After Alexander

• 323 died on way back
• Empire divided b/w generals
• Antigonus Macedonia, Greece
• Ptolemy Egypt (Pharoah)
• Seleucus Most of Persian Empire
• Legacy
• End independent Greece
• Created blend of cultures (G, Egy, East)