Basic of UNIX

1
Basic of UNIX

• For fresh members of SPARCS
• eungkyu_at_sparcs

2
What is UNIX?

• ATTs UNIX
• Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie
• BSD and System V Release
• Solaris, AIX, IRIX, HP-UX, FreeBSD,
• Linux

3
Features of UNIX

• Multi-user, Multitasking
• Written in C portability
• Simple and elegant
• Very good at networking server

4
Basic Commands of UNIX

• Please help me!!!
• Using file system
• Permissions
• Compression and archiving
• Displaying system information

5
Basic Commands of UNIX cont.

• Searching and find
• Job control
• Redirection and pipe
• Various utilities
• Using network

6
Please help me!!!

• man to see on-line reference manual
• man man
• man ls
• info for reading documentation (GNU)
• info info
• info ls
• -h, --help option

7
Using file system

• All in UNIX is file
• Tree structure
• ls listing directory contents
• ls -al
• cp, mv copying, moving files
• cp file1 file2
• mv file1 file2 directory

8
Using file system cont.

• rm removing files
• rm file1 file2
• rm -rf directory
• mkdir, rmdir, cd making, removing, changing
  directory
• mkdir directory cd directory
• cd .. rmdir directory
• pwd printing working directory

9
Permissions

• UNIX is multi-user system
• user, group, other
• rwxrwxrwx 777
• chmod changing file access permissions
• chmod 644 file1 file2
• chmod go-rw file3
• chown, chgrp (for superuser) changing user,
  group ownership

10
Compression and archiving

• gzip, bzip2 compress or expand files
• gzip file1 file2
• bzip2 -d .bz2
• tar archiving files
• tar cvf files.tar file1 file2
• bzip2 files.tar
• tar xzvf directory.tar.gz directory
• tar xjvf directory.tar.bz2 directory

11
Displaying system information

• du, df displaying usage of space
• w, who show who is logged in
• finger lookup user information
• whoami who am I
• id printing real eUID and GID

12
Searching and find

• which, whereis, type simple searching
  utilities
• find finding files
• find directory expression
• find / -name hanterm
• find . -name -exec rm -f \
• man find

13
Redirection and pipe

• command gt file
• command lt file
• command1 command2
• Ask details to netj

14
Various functions

• kill sending signal to process
• ps printing process status
• cat to see file (?)
• more, less paging text file to see
• grep, egrep print line matching pattern
• grep pattern file

15
Various functions

• head, tail see head, tail of files
• cut, sort cut or sort text file
• write send message to other user
• Mail alias
• Xmanager required

16
Using network

• telnet telnet client
• mutt, pine Mail User Agent
• ftp, ncftp ftp client
• wget - a utility to retrieve files
• lynx, w3mmee text web browser
• talk

17
For C/C programming

• Use set cindent in vim
• gcc, g - C/C compiler
• gcc -o target1 source1.c source2.c
• g -o target2 source1.cc source2.cc
• make very good program using Makefile

18
Simple example of Makefile