Human Trafficking in Latin America

1
Human Trafficking in Latin America

• By
• Wendy Miles

2
What is Human Trafficking?

• Trafficking in persons is modern-day slavery,
  involving victims who are forced, defrauded or
  coerced into labor or sexual exploitation.
  Annually, about 600,000 to 800,000 peoplemostly
  women and childrenare trafficked across national
  borders which, does not count millions trafficked
  within their own countries.
• People are snared into trafficking by many means.
  In some cases, physical force is used. In other
  cases, false promises are made regarding job
  opportunities or marriages in foreign countries
  to entrap victims. http//video.yahoo.com/video/p
  lay?phumantraffickingeiUTF-8b2oid53ca4c7d1
  0ae2840rurlabcnews.go.comvdonehttp3A2F2Fvid
  eo.yahoo.com2Fvideo2Fsearch3Fp3Dhuman2Btraffi
  cking26ei3DUTF-8

3
The international agreed-upon definition

• Trafficking in persons is
• THE ACTION OF RECRUITMENT, TRANSPORTATION,
  TRANSFER, HARBORING, OR RECEIPT OF PERSONS
• BY MEANS OF THE THREAT OR USE OF FORCE,
  COERCION, ABDUCTION, FRAUD, DECEPTION, ABUSE OF
  POWER OR VULNERABILITY, OR GIVING PAYMENT OR
  BENEFIT TO A PERSON IN CONTROL OF THE VICTIM
• FOR THE PURPOSE OF EXPLOITATION, WHICH INCLUDES
  EXPLOITING THE PROSTITUTION OF OTHERS, SEXUAL
  EXPLOITATION, FORCED LABOR, SLAVERY OR SIMULAR
  PRACTICES, AND THE REMOVAL OF ORGANS. (Protocol
  Art.3.a)
• CONSENT of the victim is irrelevant where illicit
  means are established, but criminal law defenses
  are preserved. (Protocol Art.3.b)

4
Video clips

• Educational commercials
• http//video.yahoo.com/video/play?eiUTF-8pSEXS
  LAVERYb8oid30af921ad4a29a54rurlwww.uri.eduv
  donehttp3A2F2Fvideo.yahoo.com2Fsearch2Fvideo
  3Fei3DUTF-826p3DSEX2BSLAVERY
• http//video.yahoo.com/video/play?eiUTF-8phuman
  traffickingb3oid0000000000000a2brurlwww.uno
  dc.orgvdonehttp3A2F2Fvideo.yahoo.com2Fsearch
  2Fvideo3Fei3DUTF-826p3Dhuman2Btrafficking
• http//video.yahoo.com/video/play?psextraffickin
  gtoggle1copmsseiUTF-8b14oidb90c4db965d90
  06erurlwww.acwp.orgvdonehttp3A2F2Fvideo.yah
  oo.com2Fvideo2Fsearch3Fp3Dsex2Btrafficking26
  toggle3D126cop3Dmss26ei3DUTF-826b3D11

5
The Stages of Trafficking

• Stage 1 Context of Vulnerability (Violence,
  deprivation, oppression)
• Stage 2 Recruitment (Family, friends,
  community members)
• Stage 3 Removal (Either with consent or
  kidnapped)
• Stage 4 Transportation
• Stage 5 Establishment of Control (Establish
  fear control)
• Stage 6 Arrival (Full power control is
  exercised)
• Stage 7 Exploitation (The beginning of
  enslavement)
• Stage 8 Resolution (Death, escape, HIV)
• Taken from Understanding Global Slavery p.141

6
Crimes related to Trafficking in Human Beings
Table taken from Understanding Global Slavery
p.134
7
Who are the traffickers?

• They can be a highly sophisticated networks of
  organized crime. Making around 2000 per girl.
• Family or friends of the trafficked victim, who
  needed money.
• An actual trafficked person can become the
  trafficker.

8
The difference between Trafficking Smuggling
9
A transaction- selling a human!
10
The U.S. State Department
11
What do the tiers of the Trafficking in Persons
Report mean? Tier 1 Countries that fully
comply with the acts minimum standards for the
elimination of trafficking. Tier 2 Countries
that do not fully comply with the minimum
standards but are making significant efforts to
bring themselves into compliance. Tier 2 Watch
List Countries on Tier 2 requiring special
scrutiny because of a high or significantly
increasing number of victims failure to provide
evidence of increasing efforts to combat
trafficking in persons or an assessment as Tier
2 based on commitments to take action over the
next year. Tier 3 Countries that neither
satisfy the minimum standards nor demonstrate a
significant effort to come into compliance.
Countries in this tier are subject to potential
non-humanitarian and non-trade sanctions. For
more information, see the Web site of the State
Departments Office to Monitor and Combat
Trafficking in Persons at www.state.gov/g/tip.
12
The Presidents 50 Million Initiative To Combat
Trafficking In Persons Country Funding

• Brazil Mexico 34

13
Trafficking of people violates these basic human
rights

• To physical and mental integrity.
• To life, liberty and security of person.
• To live without slavery or servitude.
• To live without cruel and inhuman or degrading
  treatment.
• To just and favorable remuneration.
• To work, to free choice of employment, to just
  and favorable conditions of work.
• To a standard of living adequate for the health
  and well being of herself.
• To social security.

14
(No Transcript)
15
(No Transcript)
16
Some Statistics on Sexual Violence in Latin
America In Puerto Rico It is calculated that
each year 7,000 women are raped and thousands of
children are sexually abused in their homes. In
Mexico A woman is raped every 9 minutes. In
Peru 75 of all women are raped before their
15th birthday. In Ecuador 3 out of every 10
children have been sexually abused by the age of
16. In Caracas, Venezuela 20 women are raped
every day. In Bogota, Colombia 10 women are
raped every day Statistics about Latino
countries reproduced from "SEMILLAS PARA EL
CAMBIO" a publication of the Centro de Ayuda a
Victimas de Violacion (Center for Rape Victims)
Department of Health, San Juan, Puerto Rico,
1992. Reproduced from http//www.llamanos.org/
- Llamanos (Call Us) - The Rape Crisis Center of
Central Massachusetts
17

• In the United States- to compare
• 10 of survivors are assaulted by their husbands
  or ex-husbands.
• 11 by their parents or guardians
• 10 by boyfriends of ex-boyfriends
• 16 by other family members
• 29 by friends, neighbors or acquaintances
• 1 out of every 4 women is raped during her
  lifetime.

18
Number of times that a country was cited as the
region of transit

• From an Inhuman Trade article

19
Number of times that a country was cited as being
the destination
20
An over all look at the worlds trafficking
21
Forms of Trafficking

• Child placement
• Debt bondage Indentured servitude
• Removal of organs
• Mail-Order brides
• Sex slaves- Prostitution

22
Why are the slaves being taken?
23
Tracking trafficking in Latin America
24
According to Trafficking in Women in Latin
America region- by Norma Sanchis
25
What is being done to help?The U.S. has
contributed 82 million last year to help end
slavery worldwide. A major growth of NGOs to
help victims.

• Rehabilitation and work training centers for
  victims
• Special housing shelters for victims
• Law enforcement training and legal reform
  assistance
• Information and awareness campaigns
• Voluntary repatriation for displaced victims
• Training for immigration officials, medical
  personnel and social workers
• Combating sex tourism and 
• Rescuing victims from slavery

26
(No Transcript)
27
Organizations making a difference!
28
websites

• http//www.pbs.org/wnet/wideangle/shows/dying/map.
  html
• http//www.amnestyusa.org/women/trafficking/films.
  html

29
(No Transcript)
30
References

• Trafficking in Persons Report, 2006. Retrieved
  on October 3, 2006 from http//www.state.gov/g/tip
  /rls/tiprpt/2006/index.htm
• U.S. says Belize, Cuba, Venezuela not fighting
  Human Trafficking (n.d.). Retrieved on October 3,
  2006, from http//usinfo.state.gov/gi/Archive/2006
  /Jun/05-934910.html
• http//rickymartinfoundation.org
• Kangaspunta, K. (2003, December). Mapping the
  inhuman trade Preliminary findings of the
  database on trafficking in human beings. Forum
  on Crime and Society, 3, Nos. 1 and 2. Retrieved
  October 3, 2006 from http//www.unodc.org/pdf/crim
  e/forum/forum3_note1.pdf
• ODonoghue, P. (2003, August 27). Domestic media
  spin suggests Cuba is trafficking teenage women
  to Venezuela. Vheadline News. Retrieved from
  http//www.vheadline.com/printer_news.asp?id10585
  
• Global programme against trafficking in Human
  Beings (2004, March 4). Mercy Global Concern.
  Retrieved from http//www.mercyworld.org/projects
  /mgc/2004/pdfs/briefing-paper-2-april-2004.pdf
• Bales, K. (2005). Understanding Global Slavery.
  London University of California Press, ltd.
• Beeks, K. Amir, D. (Eds.). (2006). Trafficking
  and the Global Sex Industry. Lanham Lexington
  Books.
• Sanchis, N. (n.d.). Trafficking in Women in
  Latin-American Region. Retrieved October 15,
  2006, from http//www.choike.org/documentos/traffi
  ck/01problem.pdf
• The U.S. State Department website.
  http//www.state.gov/g/tip/rls/fs/2005/60840.htm