NSAC Long Range Plan

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NSAC Long Range Plan

• First Joint Meeting of the Nuclear Physics
  Divisions of the APS and JPS
• James Symons
• Chair, DOE/NSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
• Wailea, Hawaii 17 October, 2001

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OUTLINE

• Charge
• Process
• Program
• Priorities
• Resources
• International Perspective
• Current Events
• Summary

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Charge
identify the most compelling scientific
opportunities to be addressed in the next decade
identify the resources that will be needed to
address them articulate the priorities of the
identified scientific opportunities indicate
what funding levels would be required (including
construction of new facilities) to maintain a
world-leadership position in nuclear physics
research determine the impacts and priorities
if the funding available provides constant level
of effort into the outyears
In the 1996 LRP, NSAC recommended construction of
a next generation ISOL-type facility to be
constructed when RHIC construction is
substantially complete. The plan should
evaluate the scientific potential of the proposed
Rare Isotope Accelerator and any other new
proposed facilities in the broad context of the
most compelling scientific questions, as well as
the availability of existing and planned
facilities, and establish priorities for new
construction.
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How do we prioritize very different kinds of
science? Fundamental symmetries vs. Many Body
Physics vs. Astrophysical Applications
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Good Advice
. . . and recommend a long range plan that will
provide a framework for coordinated advancement
of the nations nuclear research programs over
the next decade. Previous NSAC Long Range Plans
(LRP), in particular the 1996 LRP, are
appropriate and important reference documents.
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History

• Impetus for ongoing involvement of NSAC in long
  range planning came from Herman Feshbach who
  understood
• Importance of new initiatives
• That the key to new facilities was agreement on
  priorities
• That large projects require special treatment
  (Decadal projects)
• The necessity for community and agency
  involvement.
• The importance of orderliness.

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Orderliness
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Missions of DOE and NSF

• NSF (10) supports scientific research, science
  education, and training of scientists in many
  fields.
• DOE has a broader mission energy policy, nuclear
  technology (weapons and power),
  non-proliferation, environmental cleanup, as well
  as basic research.
• Mandated by law to maintain competence in nuclear
  science

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Process
Town Meetings organized by APS DNP Nuclear
Structure and Astrophysics (Oakland) Neutrons,
neutrinos, fundamental symmetries(Oakland) Hadroni
c Physics (JLAB) High Energy Nuclear Physics
(BNL) White Papers Planning Meeting in Santa Fe
to prepare overall priorities 55 Community
Members Agency Representatives
Observers from Europe and Japan Report (in
preparation)
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Five Questions

• What is the structure of the nucleus?
• What are the origins of nuclei?
• What is the structure of the nucleon?
• What are the properties of excited nuclear
  matter?
• What is the new standard model?

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Facilities (1979)
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Facilities Today - Structure and Astrophysics
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Facilities Today - Nucleon Structure
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Facilities Today - Nuclear Matter
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Facilities Today
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DOE Nuclear Physics Funding DistributionFY 2001
360.5 Million
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What is the structure of the nucleus?What are
the origins of the elements?
Many recent accomplishments thanks to investments
in instrumentation and radioactive beam
technology Gammasphere, Fragment separators at
NSCL, ATLAS, HRIBF
Spectroscopy of Actinides Novel forms of rotation
(Shears mechanism, Chiral Bands) Ab initio theory
calculations for light nuclei Galactic
radioactivity Direct measurements of nuclear
reactions with unstable beams
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Nuclear Structure and Astrophysics
Recommendations (Abbreviated)

• The highest priority for the nuclear structure
  and nuclear astrophysics communities is the
  construction of RIA as the worlds premier
  facility for the study of exotic nuclei and the
  pursuit of associated exciting astrophysics
  opportunities.
• Adequate resources should be available for
• NSCL
• University-based research groups and laboratories
• New instrumentation (e.g. gamma ray tracking)
• Theory Initiative.
• Nuclear structure, reactions, astrophysics)
• Stable beam accelerators in a national
  underground facility.

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Schematic Layout of RIA
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Nuclear Astrophysics with RIA
X-ray burst (RXTE)
RIA intensities (nuc/s)
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4U1728-34
1010
10-2
331
10-6
106
Nova (HST)
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Frequency (Hz)
T Pyxidis
329
328
327
10
15
20
Time (s)
Nova (Chandra)
V382 Vel
Ne
Metal -poor halo star (HST)
CS22892-052
solar r abundance
observed
abundance
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30
20
Wavelength (A)
protons
neutrons
Z
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126
Limits of nuclear existence
82
r-process
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protons
rp-process
82
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Density Functional Theory self-consistent Mean
Field
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50
8
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neutrons
2
20
8
2
A60
A10
A12
Towards a unified description of the nucleus
Ab initio few-body calculations
No-Core Shell Model G-matrix
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What is the structure of the nucleon?

• Focus on QCD, confinement, quark and gluon
  distributions
• Unique new facility at Jefferson Laboratory
• Many key experiments at FNAL, SLAC, CERN, DESY
• Less than a third of the nucleon Spin is carried
  by the quarks
• Nucleon Charge and Current Distributions
• Nucleon-nucleon force mapped out to distances
  where the nucleons overlap

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Nucleon Structure - Priorities
JLAB Upgrade. 12 GeV Electrons Unique
opportunity hybrid mesons RD for electron-ion
collider. Detailed proposal within 5
years Increased support for nuclear
theory Lattice QCD initiative Enhanced
infrastructure Facility Operations and University
Support
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• JLAB Upgrade.
• 12 GeV Electrons
• Real Photon Beams in Hall D
• Unique opportunity hybrid mesons

RD for an electron-ion collider. Detailed
proposal within 5 years Increased support for
nuclear theory Lattice QCD initiative Enhanced
infrastructure Facility Operations and University
Support
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What are the properties of excited nuclear matter?

• RHIC Program
• Unique New facility
• See talks by McLerran, Mueller, Gyulassy, Nagle,
  Kaneta, ...

Properties of Matter at the highest energy
densities. What is the gluon field inside a heavy
nucleus? Gluons and nucleon spin Goldstone bosons
or Gluon Splitting? Gluon Saturation and Colored
Glass
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Priorities

• Full operation of RHIC with the experimental and
  theoretical tools needed to exploit wholly these
  novel and unique capabilities in a timely
  fashion.
• RD in support of the next generation of
  Accelerators and Detectors
• Luminosity upgrade of RHIC
• High luminosity electron-ion collider
• Massively parallel computing for lattice gauge
  and other problems.
• Focussed program of participation in heavy-ion
  experiments at the LHC.
• University infrastructure, education, social
  diversity.

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What is the new standard model?
Our field has an opportunity to participate in
two revolutions Physics beyond the
Standard Model Neutrino Astronomy
Extraordinary Accomplishments in Neutrino
Physics Solar Neutrino Problem may be solved
(Gallium, SuperK, SNO) See talks by Suzuki,
McDonald, etc.
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Astrophysics, Neutrinos and Symmetries
Recommendations (Abbreviated)

• Underground Laboratory for solar neutrino and
  double-beta experiments.
• Unique Opportunity exists at the Homestake Gold
  Mine
• Pursuit of sources of pulsed, cold and ultra-cold
  neutrons
• SNS Beam Line
• UCN Source at LANSCE leading to national UCN
  facility.
• Construct the Orland Neutrino Experimental
  Facility at SNS
• More theoretical manpower is an essential element
  of the program
• Core-collapse supernovae calculations

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Summary of Capital Initiatives
Capital Initiatives/Opportunities from Community
Small Medium Large
Computing Initiative for Theory (30/6) EIC/RHIC
RD (/20) Gamma Ray Tracking (20/1) Neutrons
(SNS and Los Alamos) (25/1) Orland (59/3)
JLab 12 GeV Upgrade (120/10) RHIC II
(148/7) Underground Laboratory
(130/200 - 40??) (EIC 400/13-65)
RIA (695/75)
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Are there other issues?

• Accelerators are in general underfunded by 15
• Under-utilization

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Are there other issues?

• Facilities are in general underfunded by 15
• Under-utilization
• Research Programs are also underfunded,
  especially at Universities
• Every Town meeting emphasized importance of
  Nuclear Theory
• Lattice QCD
• Phenomenology at RHIC
• Supernova Modelling
• Nuclei far from stability

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What are the overall priorities?
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1 Recent investments by the United States in new
and upgraded facilities have positioned the
Nation to continue its world-leadership role in
nuclear science. The highest priority of the
nuclear science community is to exploit the
extraordinary opportunities for scientific
discoveries made possible by these investments.
Increased funding for research and facility
operations is essential to realize these
opportunities. Specifically, it is imperative
to Increase support for facility operations
especially our unique new facilities RHIC, CEBAF,
and NSCL which will greatly enhance the impact
of the nations nuclear science
program. Increase investment in university
research and infrastructure, which will both
enhance scientific output and educate additional
young scientists vital to meeting national
needs. Significantly increase funding for
nuclear theory, which is essential for developing
the full potential of the scientific program.
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2 The Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA) is our
highest priority for major new construction. RIA
will be the world-leading facility for research
in nuclear structure and nuclear
astrophysics. The exciting new scientific
opportunities offered by research with rare
isotopes are compelling. RIA is required to
exploit these opportunities and to ensure world
leadership in these areas of nuclear science.
RIA will require significant funding above the
nuclear physics base. This is essential so that
our international leadership positions at CEBAF
and at RHIC be maintained.
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3 We strongly recommend immediate construction of
the worlds deepest underground science
laboratory. This laboratory will provide a
compelling opportunity for nuclear scientists to
explore fundamental questions in neutrino physics
and astrophysics. Recent evidence for neutrino
mass has led to new insights into the fundamental
nature of matter and energy. Future discoveries
about the properties of neutrinos will have
significant implications for our understanding of
the structure of the universe. An outstanding
new opportunity to create the worlds deepest
underground laboratory has emerged. This
facility will position the U.S. nuclear science
community to lead the next generation of solar
neutrino and double beta-decay experiments.
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4 We strongly recommend the upgrade of CEBAF at
Jefferson Laboratory to 12 GeV as soon as
possible. The 12 GeV upgrade of the unique
CEBAF facility is critical for our continued
leadership in the experimental study of hadronic
matter. This upgrade will provide new insights
into the structure of the nucleon, the transition
between the hadronic and quark/gluon description
of matter, and the nature of quark confinement.
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FY09 Planned Operating Budget 400M Construction
Budget 180M ( 31.03)
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1993 Operating Funds 260M (FY2001) Construction
Funds 120M ( 31)
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1970 (LAMPF) Operating Funds 95M Construction
funds 37M (28)
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Limited Resources

• Hard Choices have to be made
• Cost effectiveness becomes an issue

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Cost Effectiveness
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Cost Effectiveness

• How do we define effectiveness?
• Nobel Prizes
• Phys. Rev. Letters
• Achieving Goals
• Beam Hours
• Students Trained
• Applications developed
• How do we define cost?
• to the program
• Impact on other parts of the program

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Constant Effort

• Unlikely that RIA would be constructed
• Enormous pressure on small DOE facilities other
  than CEBAF and RHIC
• Costs are on the margin (Cuckoo effect)
• Facilities are getting old
• Many of the smaller facilities are extremely cost
  effective by reasonable objective criteria
• We have forgotten how to justify and build small
  facilities
• Issue for the next LRP whether or not RIA is
  built

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International Perspective
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Special Relationship between APS and JPS

• Neutrino Physics
• Riken/BNL Program
• Hypernuclear Physics
• New Facilities such as JHF and RRB Facility
  represent major opportunities for the US Nuclear
  Scientists in the coming decade.

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Current Affairs
With the exception of some bio-medical areas,
support of research in recent years has been
sliding dangerously, threatening the robustness
of the enterprise and its ability to continue the
quest to understand the world. The combination
of education and research may be the most
powerful capability the nation can nurture in
times of stress and uncertainty. Leon M.
Lederman, letter to NY Times Emeritus Director of
Fermilab 1988 Nobel laureate in Physics
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Summary of LRPWG Priorities

• Run the program effectively
• make the case for funding make hard but
  informed choices make room for new things
• Get RIA moving
• sited, cdr, construction funding
• Build an underground laboratory in the US
• Upgrade Jefferson Lab Upgrade to 12GeV
• Work with our friends around the world to get the
  science done.
• Meet in 5 years to discuss EIC, and other matters

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Thats all folks!