Anatomy of An Element

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Anatomy of An Element Pretest
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1) Pick from below the three states of matter a.
Water, sand, rock b. Salt, sugar, soda c.
Liquid, solid, gas
2) Which is an example of a physical change? a.
A fried egg b. Melted ice cream
3) Which is an example of a chemical change? a)
A burned log b) evaporated water
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4) Color, odor, density, boiling or melting
points are _______ changes. a. physical b.
chemical
5) A synonym for states of matter is? a)
territory b) phases
6) A _____ has definite shape and definite
volume. a. liquid b. solid c. gas
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7) A _______ takes the shape of its container and
has definite volume. a. solid b. liquid c. gas
8) A _______ conforms to the shape and size of
its container. a. gas b. liquid c. solid
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9) In a physical change a. the substance
changes its appearance, but can be changed back
to its original state. b. The substance has been
changed and cannot be changed back to its
original state.
10) An element is composed of tiny particles
called a. elementals b. atoms c. moleculars
11) Atoms of one element cannot be changed into
atoms of another element by chemical reaction. a.
true b. false
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12) Elements are not created or destroyed by
chemical reactions. a. true b. false
13) Pick the three basic particles that atoms are
made out of below a. protons, neutrons,
molecules b. protons, electrons, molecules c.
neutrons, electrons, protons
14) Atoms always have as many electrons as
____ a. molecules b. neutrons c. protons
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15) The _________ is the center of an atom. a.
core b. proton c. nucleus
16) An element is made up of many different
atoms. a. true b. false
17) The Periodic Table is a list of ________ a.
minerals b. rocks c. elements
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18) An atomic number is also the number of
______ a. protons in the nucleus b. elements on
the graph c. the magnitude of the explosion
19)The _______ is a shorthand way of writing the
element used in chemical equations. a. name b.
number c. symbol d. date
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20) On the Periodic Table, the elements are
arranged in ______ and ________. a. Slides,
scales b. Protons, neutrons c. Periods, groups
21) Use the chart and give the chemical symbol
and atomic number of each element below Carbon
_________ __________ Hydrogen
_________ __________ Oxygen _________
__________
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22) The total combined number of the protons plus
the neutrons in the nucleus is called . . a. the
mass number b. the element c. the atom
23) Use the chart and write the atomic weight for
each of the elements below Helium
________ Potassium ________
24) Elements are divided into three larger
categories from 18 smaller ones. Circle the
three larger categories from the list
below periods metals groups metalloids gases
nonmetals families liquids solids clusters
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25) Underline all that apply for most of the
non-metal elements. a. High melting and boiling
points b. Low melting and boiling points c.
Not good conductors of heat and electricity d.
Most all are gases e. Good conductors of heat
and electricity f. Most all are solids g. Can
be bent and pounded into thin sheets
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26) Underline all that apply for most of the
metal elements. a. High melting and boiling
points b. Low melting and boiling points c.
Not good conductors of heat and electricity d.
Most all are gases e. Good conductors of heat
and electricity f. Most all are solids g. Can
be bent and pounded into thin sheets
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27) A greater percentage of the elements
are______? a. non-metals b. metals c.
metalloids
28) On the Periodic Table, the atomic number a.
goes up as you move right horizontally b. goes
up as you move down vertically
29) Periods move a. horizontally b. vertically
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30) Groups contain elements that a. have the
same number of electrons b. have the same
number of electrons in the outer shell c. have
the same number of protons d. have the same
number of neutrons in the outer shell
31) Groups move a. horizontally b. vertically
32) Name a metal that is used in the making of
coins. _____________________
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33) Name a non-metal that is used to fill glowing
electric signs. _________________
34) What is the name of a metalloid used to make
microchips? __________________
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V. OBSERVATIONS
Qualitative -
how did the steel wool change?
did the test tube change on the inside?
what did the water do in relationship to the test
tube?
Quantitative -
Water Rise _____ mm 150 mm (length of test
tube) X 100 _____ of oxygen
Accepted Value 21
Accuracy (AV EV) X 100 AV
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Using Microsoft Excel create a line
graph Title Oxygen Usage During
Oxidation X-axis Time (min) Y-axis Water Rise
(mm)
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VI. CONCLUSION 3 Paragraphs, FOLLOW THE
FORMAT!!!
Dont forget the relevant terms in the 1st
paragraph
Oxidation
Chemical Change
Physical Change
Rust
Nitrogen
Oxygen
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Chemistry The Study of Matter and How it
Changes
Try creating or destroying matter! Though it is
against the law, the police will not arrest you
for creating or destroying matter.
You will never serve time in jail!
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The Law of Conservation of Matter This law
says that matter cannot be created or destroyed
by ordinary means.
Pretend that you weigh your computer and find
that it weights five kilograms. Now, pretend that
you use a sledge hammer to destroy your computer!
CRASH!
BANG!
SMASH!
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Imagine now that you collect all the pieces of
the destroyed computer and weigh them.
What will the weight be?
Five kilograms - exactly what it was before you
destroyed the computer.
Remember! Matter can be neither created nor
destroyed!
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Matter cannot be created nor destroyed but.
it can certainly be changed.
CHILL OUT!
1. Fill two film canisters 1/2 full of water and
put on the lids.
2. Make sure both canisters weigh the same.
3. Put one of the canisters in a safe place, put
the other canister in the freezer
4. Open up the canisters, which one looks as if
it weighs more?
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I'M MELTING!
1. Put the ice cubes in two glasses.
2. Put the glasses on a balance.
3. Put a few drops of water in the bottom of the
glass that weighs less to balance them.
4. Put one glass back in the freezer. and leave
the other glass out to melt completely.
5. Will the glasses still balance each other?
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Matter What everything is made of anything that
takes up space and has mass is matter.
So next time someone says to you "What's the
matter?" You can tell them "Everything!"
Mass is how much matter an object
contains, measured in kg or g.
Weight is the measure of the pull of gravity
on an object. Depends on two things a. the
amount of mass b. strength of the
gravitational pull
http//www.nyu.edu/pages/mathmol/textbook/weightvm
ass.html
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Matter is made up of tiny particles. They are
called Molecules
atoms
protons, neutrons, and electrons
An object's phase depends on how its molecules
are grouped together.
Solids
Definite shape and a definite volume.
1. Crystalline means that the molecules have a
pattern.
Two Types
2. Amorphous means they are placed randomly.
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Solids Physical Properties
Ductile - The property of a metal that enables it
to be made into a wire.
Malleable - The property of a metal that enables
it to be hammered or rolled into sheets.
Elasticity - The property of an object to return
to its original size or shape.
Other Physical Properties
size
shape
conductivity
weight
volume
phase change
odor
solubility
mass
density
hardness
color
texture
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Liquids
Molecules are constantly moving in random
directions
Cohesion - Like molecules are attracted to each
other.
Adhesion - Unlike molecules are attracted to
each other.
Surface Tension - Liquids have a thin, flexible
skin on which you can float some things.
A special liquid Most substances expand when
heated and contract when cooled, except
Water
Ice
Water
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Gases
Expansion- a gas has neither a definite form
nor volume rather it continuously grows to fill
whatever container it is in.
Pressure- a balloon expands from the force that
the air inside exerts on its inside surface.
Why?
Constant bombardment of billions of gas molecules
against the balloon.
What happens if you increase the number of
molecules?
increases
pressure?
increase
collisions?
inflates
balloon?
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Gases
Diffusion- when one type of particle mixes with
a particle of another kind. Particles move from
areas of high concentration to areas of low
concentration.
Example Let's say you have two bottles
mouth-to-mouth, standing upright. In the top
bottle you have a very light gas, in the bottom,
a very heavy gas. Through diffusion the 2 gases
will mix and interact.
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Gases, Liquids, and Solids
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Plasma
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Plasma consists of a collection of free-moving
electrons and ions - atoms that have lost
electrons.
Plasma can be accelerated and steered by electric
and magnetic fields which allows it to be
controlled and applied.
new manufacturing techniques
consumer products
prospect of abundant energy
Most common state of matter in the
universe, but very rare on earth!
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Phase change physical change of matter from one
phase to another.
Takes place because the particles of a substance
gain or lose energy, causing them to change their
motion.
Phase changes
solid changes to liquid -
Melting
liquid changes to solid -
Freezing
solid changes to gas -
Sublimation
gas changes to solid -
Snow
liquid changes to gas -
Vaporization
Evaporation?
gas to liquid -
Condensation
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Chemical Properties
Combustibility?
Flammability?
Acidic or Basic?
electronegativity?
tendency to ionize in solution
Reactivity?
Potassium chromate - enamels, finishing leather,
rustproofing of metals
Ammonium dichromate - Source of pure nitrogen,
catalyst, dye mordant, pickling agent
---------?

Sodium
Chlorine
Tubular Rust Chemical Equation
Fe
2
2
FeO3

O2
-----------?
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Its a chemical change too because a substance
was formed, FeO3, or rust!
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In the chemical equation below what are
the reactants and what are the products?
Fe
2
2
FeO3

O2
-----------?
3
reactants
product
Reactant the substance(s) entering into the
chemical reaction or the substance(s) you start
with
Product the substance(s) formed from the
chemical reaction.
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1. The most complex of the three sciences
physics, chemistry, and biology is a.
physics. b. chemistry. c. biology. d. both
physics and chemistry combined.
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2. Chemistry is the study of the a.
macroscopic. b. microscopic. c.
submicroscopic. d. All three of these with an
emphasis on the submicroscopic.
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3. The circles in the boxes shown above represent
the submicroscopic particles of a material in its
three phases. From left to right these are a.
solid, liquid, and gas. b. liquid, solid, and
gas. c. gas, solid, and liquid. d. gas,
liquid, and solid.
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4. The phase in which atoms and molecules no
longer move is the a. solid phase. b. liquid
phase. c. gas phase. d. none of the above.
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5. A solid is not considered fluid because a.
of the fixed arrangement of its atoms or
molecules. b. of the heavy nature of its
atoms and molecules. c. its atoms or
molecules are bound as close together as
possible. d. its atoms or molecules are under
too much pressure.
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6. The molecules of a gas at room temperature
move at about a. 1 km/h. b. 10 km/h. c. 150
km/h. d. 1500 km/h.
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7. Gases are so much easier to squeeze into
smaller volumes than liquids or solids because
a. they are so much lighter. b. their atoms
or molecules are already moving at high
speeds. c. there is so much space in between
the submicroscopic particles. d. they are
always warmer than liquids or solids.
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8. Compared to chemical changes, physical changes
typically involve a. more energy and
irreversibility. b. less energy and
irreversibility. c. more energy and
reversibility. d. less energy and reversibility.
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9. How is a physical change different from a
chemical change? a. The physical properties of
a substance are not altered during a chemical
change. b. A physical change involves changes
in chemical properties. c. The chemical
identity of a substance is altered during a
physical change. d. The chemical identity of a
substance is not altered during a physical
change.
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10. During a chemical reaction a. old atoms
transform into new ones. b. old atoms disappear
to be replaced by new ones. c. old atoms
stick around merely switching partners. d.
none of the above.
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11. Each circle in the above boxes represents an
atom of the same element. The transformation
from left to right is best viewed as a a.
physical change because only one type of atom
is involved. b. physical change because there
are the same number of atoms in both
boxes. c. chemical change because there are a
different number of molecules in each
box. d. chemical change because the atoms are
connected differently in each box.
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12. Each solid circle in the above boxes
represents an atom of the same element. Each
hollow circle represents an atom of a second
element. The transformation from left to right
is best viewed as a a. chemical change because
two types of atoms are involved. b. physical
change because there are the same number of
atoms in both boxes. c. chemical change because
there are a different number of
molecules in each box. d. chemical change
because the atoms are connected differently in
each box.
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13. A physical change is best represented by the
transformation of box X into box a. a. b.
b. c. c. d. d. e. none of these.
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14. A chemical change is best represented of box
X into box a. a. b. b. c. c. d. d. e.
none of these.
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15. Each solid circle in the above boxes
represents an atom of the same element. Each
hollow circle represents an atom of a second
element. How many different types of molecules
are depicted in the above transformation? a.
1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 5
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16. What is the difference between an element and
a chemical compound? a. Only elements are
normally found in nature. b. An element
consists of only one type of atom. c. Only
chemical compounds are normally found in
nature. d. A chemical compound is always more
massive than an element.
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17. When two different elements combine to form a
compound, the resulting properties of the
compound are a. about the average of the
properties of the two elements. b. predictable
based upon the nature of the combining
elements. c. not necessarily anything like those
of the elements. d. most like the element given
in the greatest amount.
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18. The components of a mixture are most
efficiently separated from one another based upon
their a. similarities in chemical
properties. b. similarities in physical
properties. c. differences in chemical
properties. d. differences in physical
properties.
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19. Of the four boxes shown above, which contain
elements? a. a and c b. b and c c. b and
d d. a, c, and d e. all of them
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20. Of the four boxes shown above, which
contain(s) chemical compounds? a. d only b. b
and d c. b and c d. b, c, and d e. all of
them
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21. Of the four boxes shown above, which
contain(s) a chemical mixture? a. b only b. d
only c. b and d d. a and c e. all of them