Cosmic Rays and

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Cosmic Rays and Global Warming
Terry Sloan University of Lancaster,
UK and Arnold Wolfendale Durham University, UK.
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Global monthly cloud anomalies (Svensmark, 2007)
(a)
a high clouds (lt440 h Pa) b middle (440
680 h Pa) c low (gt680 h Pa)
(b)
(c)
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Low cloud cover anomalies and CR
intensity (Huancayo) Svensmark (2007)
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Cloud cover anomalies as a function of vertical
cut-off rigidity (VRCO)
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Cloud cover anomalies for the whole earth
compared with the CR intensity.
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Magnitude of the CC modulation vs. VRCO
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Low cloud cover
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Latitude variations
CR cosmic rays LCC low cloud cover SI
solar irradiance (normalized at the Equator)
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Ions as condensation centres for clouds ?
But
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Evidence from radioactive events
Chernobyl
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Nuclear Bomb Tests
Eg. BRAVO - Bikini Atoll, March 1, 1954.
15 Mt radioactive particles, 10 -
100?
300 miles from Ground Zero, dose rate 100
Rh-1, after 4 days. Yields 5.107 ions cm-1s-1
Averaging over space and time and allowing for
size distribution yields.
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Radon
Radon is an important contribution to
atmospheric ionization over land. Indian hot
spots, particularly in the SW. Scans of low CC
over two regions show no excess and
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Lightning
As much atmospheric ionization produced by
lightning as by CR (CR lightning). Perhaps
CR affect CC via lightning or at least via
electical conditions in the stratosphere/troposphe
re.
Frequency of lightning strokes
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Tentative Conclusions
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The likely situation (after Lean, 2006)
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