Chapter 8: Carbohydrates monosaccharides

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Chapter 8 Carbohydrates monosaccharides 1. Func
tions of carbohydrates. 2. Introduction of
aldoses and ketoses chirality 3. Hemiacetals
and hemiketals Ring formation 4. Sugar
derivatives
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• Functions of carbohydrates
• A. Energy
• Glucose
• Starch and Glycogen
• B. Structure
• Cellulose
• Chitin
• C. Recognition
• Glycoproteins Glycolipids
• Cell surface antigens

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2. Introduction to aldoses ketoses. Chirality
Simple sugars 1 carbonyl group several
hydroxyl groups
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There are aldo and keto sugars
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Aldo sugars
Know the ones in blue.
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Fischer projection
Determines D or L
How many asymmetric carbons are there?
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3. Hemiacetals, hemiketals ring formation
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Glucose
Chair Boat
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• Sugar derivatives
• A. Sugar phosphates
• B. Deoxy sugars
• C. Amino sugars
• D. Sugar alcohols
• E. Sugar acids

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B. Deoxy sugars
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C. Amino sugars
Know this one.
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D. Sugar alcohols
Know
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Sugar Acids
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Making silver mirrors
Glucose 2 Ag ? gluconolactone 2Ag